Metallization teeb meem nyob rau hauv semiconductor ua, xws li electromigration thiab nce kev tiv thaiv, tuaj yeem degrade nti kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau. Cov teeb meem no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab hloov microstructural. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog kev tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias siv cov tshuab chillers, txhim kho kev sib cuag, thiab siv cov khoom siv siab heev.