Nkhani za zitsulo pakukonza semiconductor, monga electromigration ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana, zimatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chip ndi kudalirika. Mavutowa amayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa microstructural. Zothetserazo zikuphatikiza kuwongolera kutentha kolondola pogwiritsa ntchito zozizira zamafakitale, njira zolumikizirana bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba.