Litaba tsa metallization ts'ebetsong ea semiconductor, tse kang electromigration le ho eketseha ha khanyetso, li ka senya ts'ebetso ea chip le ho tšepahala. Mathata ana a bakoa haholo-holo ke ho fetoha ha mocheso le liphetoho tsa microstructural. Litharollo li kenyelletsa taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso o sebelisa li-chiller tsa indasteri, mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho ikopanya le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele.