Kodi Gawo Lotsatira la Kukula Kwambiri mu Kukonza Laser Moyenera Lili Kuti?

Posachedwapa, Apple Inc. yalengeza mwalamulo kutulutsidwa kwa mbadwo watsopano wa iPhone 14, ndikukhala ndi chizolowezi chosintha kamodzi pachaka. Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akudabwa kuti "iPhone yakula kufika pa mbadwo wa 14". Ndipo idapambana mwachangu ma bookings opitilira 1 miliyoni pamsika waku China. iPhone ikadali yotchuka ndi achinyamata.

Mafoni a m'manja ayambitsa gawo loyamba la kufunikira kwa kukonza bwino kwa laser

Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, pamene mafoni a m'manja ankangotulutsidwa kumene, ukadaulo wokonza laser wa mafakitale unali wochepa. Laser ya fiber ndi laser ya ultrafast zinali zinthu zatsopano komanso zopanda kanthu pamsika waku China, osatinso kukonza laser molondola. Kuyambira mu 2011, kuyika chizindikiro cha laser cholondola pang'onopang'ono kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ku China. Panthawiyo, laser yobiriwira yamphamvu yaing'ono komanso laser ya ultraviolet zinakambidwa. Ndipo tsopano, laser ya ultrafast pang'onopang'ono yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda, ndipo kukonza laser kolondola kwambiri kukukambidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira yopangira laser molondola kumayendetsedwa kwambiri ndi kupanga mafoni a m'manja. Kupanga ma slide a kamera, ma module a zala, makiyi a HOME, mabowo a kamera, ndi mapanelo odula mawonekedwe osakhazikika a mafoni am'manja, ndi zina zotero, zonse zimapindula ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wodulira laser mwachangu kwambiri. Bizinesi yopangira laser molondola ya opanga opanga ma laser aku China imachokera ku zamagetsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, gawo lomaliza la kukula kwa njira yopangira laser molondola limayendetsedwa ndi zamagetsi, makamaka mafoni a m'manja ndi ma panelo owonetsera.

Kudula kwa Laser Panel

Kuyambira mu 2021, zinthu zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito monga mafoni a m'manja, zomangira m'manja zomwe zimavalidwa, ndi ma display panels awonetsa kutsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kufunikira kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi kuchepe komanso kukakamiza kukula kwake kukhale kwakukulu. Ndiye kodi iPhone14 yatsopanoyi ingayambitse kukwera kwatsopano kwa ntchito zokonza? Koma poganizira zomwe zikuchitika pano kuti anthu sakufuna kugula foni yatsopano, ndizodziwikiratu kuti mafoni a m'manja sangathandizire kukula kwatsopano kwa kufunikira kwa msika. Mafoni a 5G ndi opindika omwe anali otchuka zaka zingapo zapitazo angangobweretsa kusintha pang'ono kwa zinthu. Ndiye, kodi kukwera kwa kufunikira kwa ntchito yokonza laser molondola kungakhale kuti?

Kukwera kwa makampani opanga ma semiconductor ndi ma chip ku China

China ndi fakitale yeniyeni padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2020, phindu lowonjezera la makampani opanga zinthu ku China limafikira 28.5% ya gawo la dziko lonse lapansi. Ndi makampani opanga zinthu akuluakulu aku China omwe amabweretsa mwayi waukulu pamsika wopangira ndi kupanga laser. Komabe, makampani opanga zinthu ku China ali ndi kufooka kwaukadaulo koyambirira, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi mafakitale apakatikati ndi otsika. Zaka khumi zapitazi zawona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu mu makina, mayendedwe, mphamvu, uinjiniya wapamadzi, ndege, zida zopangira, ndi zina zotero, kuphatikiza chitukuko cha lasers ndi zida za laser, zomwe zachepetsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi luso lapadziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuchokera ku Semiconductor Industry Association, dziko la China ndilo dziko lomwe limapanga zinthu mwachangu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zinthu zazikulu 31 zomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa ntchito zikuyembekezeka kumalizidwa pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024; Liwiroli lapitirira kwambiri zinthu 19 zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuyikidwa ku Taiwan, China panthawi yomweyi, komanso zinthu 12 zomwe zikuyembekezeka ku United States.

Posachedwapa, China idalengeza kuti makampani opanga ma circuit ophatikizidwa ku Shanghai adutsa njira ya 14nm chip ndipo afika pamlingo winawake wopanga zinthu zambiri. Pa ma chip ena omwe ali pamwamba pa 28nm omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zapakhomo, magalimoto ndi zolumikizirana, China imadzitamandira kuti ipambana njira yopangira zinthu zakale, ndipo ikhoza kukwaniritsa bwino kufunikira kwa ma chip ambiri mkati. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa US CHIPS Act, mpikisano waukadaulo wa ma chip pakati pa China ndi United States ndi wokulirapo, ndipo pakhoza kukhala kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikupezeka. Mu 2021, China idawona kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe China imatumiza ku China kuchokera kunja.

Chip Yokonzedwa ndi Laser

Laser yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza tchipisi ta semiconductor

Ma Wafer ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za semiconductor ndi ma chips, zomwe zimafunika kupukutidwa ndi makina akakula. Pamapeto pake, kudula ma wafer, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti wafer dicing, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ukadaulo woyambirira wa kudula ma wafer a laser wa DPSS wapangidwa ndikukula ku Europe ndi United States. Pamene mphamvu ya ma laser othamanga kwambiri ikukwera, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kudzakhala kofala pang'onopang'ono mtsogolo, makamaka m'njira monga kudula ma wafer, mabowo obowola ang'onoang'ono, ndi mayeso otsekedwa a beta. Kufunika kwa zida za laser zothamanga kwambiri ndi kwakukulu.

Tsopano, pali opanga zida za laser zolondola ku China omwe angapereke zida zolumikizira ma wafer, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizira pamwamba pa ma wafer a mainchesi 12 pansi pa njira ya 28nm, ndi zida zodulira ma crypto za laser zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma chip a sensor a MEMS, ma memory chip ndi madera ena opanga ma chip apamwamba. Mu 2020, kampani yayikulu ya laser ku Shenzhen idapanga zida zolumikizira ma laser kuti zithetse kulekanitsa magalasi ndi zidutswa za silicon, ndipo zidazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma chip apamwamba a semiconductor.

Kudula Chip kwa Laser

Pakati pa chaka cha 2022, kampani ya laser ku Wuhan inayambitsa zida zodulira zodzipangira zokha zopangidwa ndi laser, zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza pamwamba pa laser m'munda wa ma chips. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito laser ya femtosecond yolondola kwambiri komanso mphamvu yochepa kwambiri yogunda kuti chisinthe laser pamwamba pa zipangizo za semiconductor zomwe zili mu micron range, motero zikuwongolera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a zida za optoelectronic za semiconductor. Zipangizozi ndizoyenera kudula kwa SiC, GaAs, LiTaO3 ndi zina zodula mkati mwa wafer chip, monga ma silicon chips, ma MEMS sensor chips, ma CMOS chips, ndi zina zotero.

China ikuthana ndi mavuto akuluakulu aukadaulo a makina ojambulira, zomwe zipangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa ma laser ojambulira ndi ma laser owopsa kwambiri okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira, koma pali kafukufuku wochepa m'munda uno womwe udachitika kale ku China.

Mitu yokonza laser yolondola kwambiri ya ma tchipisi apamwamba komanso apamwamba ikhoza kukhala funde lotsatira la chizolowezi

Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa makampani opanga ma chip a semiconductor ku China kale, panali kafukufuku wochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma chip opangira laser, omwe poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi. M'tsogolomu, msika waukulu wokonza laser molondola ku China udzasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa kukonza zida zamagetsi kupita ku zipangizo zamakono ndi zigawo zofunika, makamaka kukonzekera zipangizo za semiconductor, biomedical, ndi polymer.

Njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito laser mumakampani opanga ma chip a semiconductor zidzapangidwa. Pazinthu zopangira ma chip olondola kwambiri, kukonza ma optical osakhudzana ndi kukhudza ndiyo njira yoyenera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ma chip, makampani opanga ma chip angathandize kwambiri pakufunika kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito laser molondola.