Aaway Wareega Xiga ee Boomka ee Habaynta Saxda ah ee Laser-ka?

Muddo yar ka hor, Apple Inc. si rasmi ah ayaa loogu dhawaaqay sii deynta jiilka cusub ee iPhone 14, iyadoo la ilaalinayo caadadii hal cusbooneysiin sanadkii. Isticmaalayaal badan ayaa la yaabay in "iPhone uu horumaray ilaa jiilka 14aad". Waxayna si degdeg ah ugu guulaysatay in ka badan 1 milyan oo buug oo online ah suuqa Shiinaha. IPhone wali waa caan dhalinyarada.

Taleefannada casriga ah ayaa dejiyay wareegii koowaad ee baahida farsamaynta laser-ka saxda ah

In ka badan toban sano ka hor, markii taleefannada casriga ah la bilaabay, tignoolajiyada farsamaynta laser-ka warshaduhu wali waxay ku jirtay heer hoose. Fiber laser iyo ultrafast laser waxay ahaayeen waxyaabo cusub oo madhan suuqa Shiinaha, ma aha in la yiraahdo farsamaynta laser saxda ah. Tan iyo 2011, calaamadaynta saxda ah ee laser-dhamaadka hoose ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu dabaqay Shiinaha. Waqtigaas, leysarka cagaaran ee garaaca wadnaha xoogga yar iyo ultraviolet laser ayaa laga hadlay. Hadda, laser ultrafast ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu isticmaalay ujeedo ganacsi, iyo farsamaynta laser saxda ah ee ultrafast ayaa laga hadlayaa.

Codsiga tirada badan ee farsamaynta laser saxda ah waxaa inta badan horseeda horumarinta casriga ah. Soo saarista sawir-qaadista kamaradaha, qaybaha faraha, furayaasha guriga, daloolada indhoolayaasha kamaradaha, iyo jarista qaabka aan caadiga ahayn ee muraayadaha taleefanka gacanta, iwm, dhammaantood waxay ka faa'iidaystaan horumarka tignoolajiyada ee goynta saxda ah ee laser ultrafast. Ganacsiga saxda ah ee soosaarayaasha farsamaynta laser-ka ee Shiinaha ee ugu muhiimsan waxay ka yimaaddaan qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee macaamiisha. Taasi waa in la yiraahdo, wareegga ugu dambeeya ee kobcinta habka saxda ah ee laser-ka waxaa ku shaqeeya qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee macaamiisha, gaar ahaan casriga iyo muraayadaha.

Goynta Panel Laser

Laga soo bilaabo 2021, alaabada macaamiisha sida taleefannada casriga ah, xargaha gacanta la xidhi karo iyo muraayadaha bandhigyadu waxay muujiyeen isbeddel hoos u dhac ah, taasoo horseedaysa baahida daciifka ah ee qalabka farsamaynta elektiroonigga ah ee macaamiisha iyo cadaadis weyn oo korniinkiisa ah. Markaa iPhone14-ka cusub ma bilaabi karaa wareeg cusub oo ka shaqayneed? Laakiin marka la eego isbeddelka hadda jira ee ah in dadku aysan rabin inay iibsadaan taleefan cusub, waxaa hubaal ah in taleefannada casriga ah aysan gacan ka geysan karin kobaca cusub ee baahida suuqa. 5G iyo telefoonada laalaabi karo ee caanka ahaa dhowr sano ka hor waxay keeni karaan beddelka qayb ahaan. Marka, halkee wareega xiga ee baahida kor u kaca ee farsamaynta laser saxda ah noqon karaa?

Sare u kaca warshadaha semiconductor iyo chip China

Shiinaha waa warshad caalami ah oo la hubo. Sannadka 2020, qiimaha lagu daray warshadaha wax soo saarka ee Shiinaha ayaa ah 28.5% saamiga adduunka. Waa warshado wax soo saar oo weyn oo Shiinaha ah oo keena suuq weyn oo loogu talagalay farsamaynta laser iyo wax soo saarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warshadaha wax soo saarka ee Shiinaha waxay leeyihiin ururin farsamo oo daciif ah marxaladaha hore, badankooduna waa warshado dhexdhexaad ah iyo kuwo hoose. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay waxaa horumar weyn laga gaaray dhanka Mashiinnada, Gaadiidka, Tamarta, Injineerinka badda, Hawada sare, qalabka wax soo saarka, iwm, oo ay ka mid yihiin samaynta laysarka iyo qalabka leysarka, taasoo si weyn u yareysay farqiga heerka sare ee caalamiga ah.

Marka loo eego tirakoobka ka soo baxay Ururka Warshadaha Semiconductor, dhul weynaha Shiinaha ayaa ah kan ugu dhaqsaha badan adduunka ee wax dhisa, iyadoo 31 maro waaweyn ah oo diiradda saaraya hannaanka qaan-gaarka ah ee la filayo in la dhammeeyo dhammaadka 2024; Xawaaruhu waxa uu aad uga sarreeyaa 19-fab oo la qorsheeyay in laga hawl-geliyo Taiwan, Shiinaha isla muddadaas, iyo sidoo kale 12-fab oo laga filayo Maraykanka.

Muddo yar ka hor, Shiinuhu wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in warshadaha wareegga isku-dhafka ah ee Shanghai ay jebiyeen geeddi-socodka 14nm chip-ka oo ay ku guuleysteen qiyaas wax-soo-saar ballaaran. Qaar ka mid ah jajabyada ka sarreeya 28nm ee loo isticmaalo qalabka guriga, baabuurta iyo isgaarsiinta, Shiinuhu wuxuu ku faanaa in ka badan habka wax soo saarka ee qaan-gaarka ah, wuxuuna si fiican u dabooli karaa baahida guud ee inta badan jajabyada gudaha. Iyadoo la bilaabay US Xeerka CHIPS, tartanka tignoolajiyada chip-ka ee u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo Maraykanka ayaa ah mid aad u adag, waxaana laga yaabaa inay jiraan wax dheeraad ah. 2021  waxaa la arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid soo dejinta Shiinaha ee chips-ka.

Chip-ka-habboon ee Laser-ka

Laysarka loo isticmaalo farsamaynta chips semiconductor

Wafers waa alaabta aasaasiga ah ee alaabta semiconductor iyo chips, kuwaas oo u baahan in si farsamaysan loo nadiifiyo ka dib korriinka. Marxaladda dambe, goynta wafer, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dicing wafer, ayaa muhiimad weyn leh. Tignoolajiyada hore ee garaaca wadnaha gaaban ee DPSS tignoolajiyada goynta wafer waa laga sameeyay oo ku qaan gaadhay Yurub iyo Maraykanka. Marka ay kororto awoodda laser-ka ultrafast, isticmaalkeedu wuxuu si tartiib tartiib ah u noqon doonaa mustaqbalka caadiga ah, gaar ahaan hababka sida goynta wafer, godad yar-yar oo qodista, tijaabooyinka beta ee xiran. Awoodda baahida qalabka laysarka ultrafast waa is barbardhig weyn.

Hadda, waxaa jira soo-saarayaal qalab laser sax ah oo ku yaal Shiinaha oo ku siin kara qalab dhejisyo wafer, kaas oo lagu dabaqi karo dusha sare ee 12-inch wafers ee hoos yimaada habka 28nm, iyo qalabka goynta laser-ka ee loo yaqaan 'crypto wafer qalab goynta' oo lagu dabaqay jajabyada dareemayaasha MEMS, chips xusuusta iyo meelaha kale ee wax soo saarka chip-dhamaadka sare. Sannadka 2020, shirkad weyn oo laser ah oo ku taal Shenzhen ayaa soo saartay qalabka wax-ka-saarida laysarka si loo ogaado kala-soocidda muraayadaha iyo xaleefyada silikoon, iyo qalabka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro jajab-dhammaadka-sare ee semiconductor.

Laser Goynta Chip Wafer

Bartamihii 2022, shirkad leeser ah oo ku taal Wuhan ayaa si toos ah uga doodday qalab goynta wax ka beddelka laysarka, kaas oo si guul leh loogu dabaqay daawaynta dusha laser ee goobta chips. Qalabku wuxuu isticmaalaa laser femtosecond sax ah oo aad u hooseeya iyo tamar garaaca wadnaha oo aad u hooseeya si loo sameeyo wax ka beddelka laysarka dusha sare ee qalabka semiconductor ee xadka micron, sidaas darteed si weyn u wanaajinaya waxqabadka qalabka semiconductor optoelectronic. Qalabku wuxuu ku habboon yahay qiimo-sare, kanaalka cidhiidhiga ah (≥ 20um) semiconductor-ka SiC, GaAs, LiTaO3 iyo wax ka beddelka wax-ka-beddelka gudaha ee kale ee wafer, sida chips silicon, chips sensor MEMS, chips CMOS, iwm. 

Shiinaha ayaa la tacaalaya dhibaatooyinka farsamo ee muhiimka ah ee mishiinnada lithography, taas oo kaxayn doonta baahida loo qabo lasers excimer iyo laser ultraviolet aadka u daran ee la xidhiidha isticmaalka mashiinnada lithography, laakiin waxaa jira cilmi-baaris yar oo arrintan ku saabsan ka hor Shiinaha.

Madax farsamaynta laser saxda ah ee dhamaadka sare iyo chips ayaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan mawjada xigta ee waalan

Sababtoo ah daciifnimada warshadaha chip semiconductor China ka hor, waxaa jiray cilmi baaris yar iyo codsiyada ku saabsan chips processing laser, kuwaas oo markii hore loo isticmaalay in shirka terminal ee alaabta elektarooniga ah macaamiisha hoose. Mustaqbalka, suuqa ugu weyn ee farsamaynta laser saxda ah ee Shiinaha ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah uga dhaqaaqi doona farsamaynta qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee guud una gudbi doona agabka iyo qaybaha muhiimka ah, gaar ahaan diyaarinta agabka semiconductor, biomedical, iyo agabka polymer.

Nidaamyo badan oo codsi laser ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha chip semiconductor ayaa la horumarin doonaa. Alaabooyinka chip-ka saxda ah ee saxda ah, farsamaynta indhaha ee aan la xidhiidhin ayaa ah habka ugu habboon. Baahida weyn ee chips-ka, warshadaha chip waxay aad ugu dhowdahay inay gacan ka geysato wareegga xiga ee baahida qalabka wax-qabadka laser-ka saxda ah.