Ndeipi Danho Rinotevera Rekuwedzera Mukugadzirisa NeLaser Yakakodzera?

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Apple Inc. yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kuburitswa kwechizvarwa chitsva che iPhone 14, ichiramba iine tsika yekuvandudza kamwe chete pagore. Vazhinji vashandisi vanoshamisika kuti "iPhone yave chizvarwa chechi14". Uye yakakurumidza kuwana mabhukingi epamhepo anodarika miriyoni imwe mumusika weChina. iPhone ichiri kufarirwa nevechidiki.

Mafoni efoni akatanga danho rekutanga rekudiwa kwekugadzirisa ne laser nemazvo

Makore anopfuura gumi apfuura, apo mafoni achangoburitswa, tekinoroji yekugadzira laser yeindasitiri yakanga ichiri padanho rakaderera. Fiber laser ne ultrafast laser zvaive zvinhu zvitsva uye zvisina chinhu mumusika weChina, tisingatauri nezve precision laser processing. Kubva muna 2011, low-end precision laser marking yakashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma muChina. Panguva iyoyo, small-power solid pulse green laser ne ultraviolet laser zvakakurukurwa. Uye ikozvino, ultrafast laser yave ichishandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma muzvinangwa zvebhizinesi, uye ultrafast precision laser processing iri kutaurwa nezvayo.

Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwekugadzirisa nelaser chaiyo kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwemafoni efoni. Kugadzirwa kwemasiraidhi emakamera, mamodule eminwe, makiyi eHOME, maburi emakamera asingaonekwe, uye mapaneru emafoni asingaonekwe zvakanaka, nezvimwewo, zvese zvinobatsirwa nekubudirira kwetekinoroji yekucheka nelaser chaiyo nekukurumidza. Bhizinesi rekugadzirisa nelaser chaiyo revagadziri vakuru vekuChina rinobva kumagetsi emagetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kukwira kwekupedzisira kwekugadzirwa nelaser chaiyo kunotungamirirwa nemagetsi emagetsi, kunyanya mafoni efoni nemapaneru ekuratidza.

Kucheka kweLaser Panel

Kubva mugore ra2021, zvigadzirwa zvevatengi zvakaita semafoni, mabhande emaoko anopfekwa uye ma display panels zvakaratidza kudzikira, zvichikonzera kudiwa kushoma kwemidziyo yekugadzira magetsi uye kumanikidzwa kukuru pakukura kwayo. Saka iPhone14 itsva inogona here kutanga kukwira kwemitengo? Asi tichitarisa kubva pari zvino kuti vanhu havadi kutenga foni itsva, zviri pachena kuti mafoni haakwanise kubatsira pakukura kutsva kwekudiwa kwemusika. 5G nemafoni anopetwa makore mashoma apfuura anogona kungotsiva chikamu chemasheya. Saka, kukwira kwemitengo kunotevera mukugadzirisa laser kwakanyatsojeka kungave kupi?

Kukura kweindasitiri ye semiconductor ne chip muChina

China ifekitari yepasi rose chaiyo. Muna 2020, kukosha kwakawedzerwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina kunotora 28.5% yemugove wepasi rose. Iindasitiri huru yekugadzira yeChina ndiyo inounza mukana mukuru wemusika wekugadzirisa nekugadzira laser. Zvisinei, indasitiri yekugadzira yeChina ine kuunganidza kwetekinoroji kushoma pakutanga, uye mazhinji acho maindasitiri epakati nepakati nepasi. Makore gumi apfuura akaona kufambira mberi kukuru mumichina, kutakura, simba, mainjiniya egungwa, ndege, michina yekugadzira, nezvimwewo, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwelaser nemidziyo yelaser, izvo zvakaderedza zvikuru musiyano nedanho repamusoro repasi rose.

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hweSemiconductor Industry Association, China ndiyo kambani inokurumidza kugadzira zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro pasi rose, ine michina mikuru makumi matatu neimwe inotarisirwa kupedzwa pakupera kwa2024; Kumhanya kwacho kwapfuura zvikuru michina gumi nemapfumbamwe yakarongerwa kutanga kushanda muTaiwan, China munguva imwe chete, pamwe chete nemidziyo gumi nemiviri inotarisirwa muUnited States.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, China yakazivisa kuti indasitiri yeShanghai integrated circuit yabudirira kuburikidza ne14nm chip process uye yasvika padanho rekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda. Kune mamwe machipisi ari pamusoro pe28nm anoshandiswa mumidziyo yemumba, mota nekutaurirana, China inozvirumbidza kupfuura maitiro ekugadzira akakura, uye inogona kusangana zvakakwana nezvinodiwa zvemachipisi mazhinji mukati. Nekutangwa kweUS CHIPS Act, makwikwi ehunyanzvi hwechip pakati peChina neUnited States akanyanya, uye panogona kunge paine kuwanda kwezviwanikwa. 2021 yakaona kudzikira kukuru kwemitengo yechip inopinzwa neChina.

Chip Yakagadziriswa neLaser

Laser inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa machipisi e semiconductor

Mawafer ndiwo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zve semiconductor nemachipisi, izvo zvinoda kuporishwa nekanika mushure mekukura. Padanho rekupedzisira, kucheka wafer, kunozivikanwawo sewafer dicing, kwakakosha zvikuru. Tekinoroji yekutanga yekucheka wafer ye DPSS laser short-pulse yakagadzirwa uye yakakura muEurope neUnited States. Sezvo simba rema ultrafast lasers richikura, kushandiswa kwayo kuchava chinhu chikuru mune ramangwana, kunyanya mumabasa akadai sekucheka wafer, ma micro-drilling holes, uye bvunzo dze beta dzakavharika. Kudiwa kwemidziyo ye ultrafast laser kwakakura zvichienzaniswa.

Pari zvino, kune vagadziri vemidziyo yelaser chaiyo muChina vanogona kupa michina yewafer slotting, iyo inogona kushandiswa pakuiswa pamusoro pemawafers e12-inch pasi pe28nm process, uye michina yekucheka yelaser wafer crypto inoshandiswa kumaMEMS sensor chips, memory chips nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekugadzira machips emhando yepamusoro. Muna 2020, kambani hombe yelaser muShenzhen yakagadzira michina yelaser debonding kuti iite kupatsanurwa kwegirazi nesilicon slices, uye michina inogona kushandiswa kugadzira machips emhando yepamusoro e semiconductor.

Chidimbu cheLaser chekucheka Chip

Pakati pa2022, kambani yelaser muWuhan yakatanga michina yekucheka yakagadzirwa otomatiki nelaser, iyo yakashandiswa zvinobudirira pakurapa pamusoro pelaser mumunda wemachipisi. Mudziyo uyu unoshandisa laser yefemtosecond ine magadzirirwo akanyatsonaka uye simba shoma rekurova kuti iite shanduko yelaser pamusoro pezvinhu zve semiconductor mu micron range, nokudaro zvichivandudza zvikuru mashandiro emidziyo ye optoelectronic ye semiconductor. Midziyo iyi yakakodzera michina inodhura, ine nzira dzakamanikana (≥20um) ye compound semiconductor SiC, GaAs, LiTaO3 nedzimwe nzira dzekucheka dzakabatana newafer chip, dzakadai sesilicon chips, MEMS sensor chips, CMOS chips, nezvimwewo.

China iri kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru ehunyanzvi hwemichina ye lithography, izvo zvichakurudzira kudiwa kwema laser e excimer uye ma laser e ultraviolet akanyanya ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwemichina ye lithography, asi hapana tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakaitwa mundima iyi kare muChina.

Misoro yekugadzira laser chaiyo yemhando yepamusoro uye machipisi inogona kuva chinhu chinotevera chinonakidza

Nekuda kwekusasimba kuri muindasitiri yemachipisi e semiconductor muChina kare, pakanga pasina tsvakurudzo yakawanda uye mashandisirwo aiitwa pamachipisi ekugadzirisa laser, ayo akatanga kushandiswa mukuunganidza zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Mune ramangwana, musika mukuru wekugadzirisa laser nemazvo muChina uchachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakugadzirisa zvikamu zvemagetsi zvemagetsi kuenda kuzvinhu zvepamusoro nezvikamu zvakakosha, kunyanya kugadzirira zvinhu zve semiconductor, biomedical, uye polymer.

Maitiro akawanda ekushandisa laser muindasitiri yemachipisi e semiconductor achagadzirwa. Kune zvigadzirwa zvemachipisi zvakanyatsonaka, kugadzirisa machipisi zvisina kubatwa ndiyo nzira yakakodzera. Nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwemachipisi, indasitiri yemachipisi inogona kubatsira mukudiwa kwemidziyo yekugadzira laser zvakanyatsonaka.