Xaggee Wareegga Xiga ee Kororka ee Habaynta Laser-ka Sax ah?

Waqti aan fogayn, Apple Inc. waxay si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqday sii deynta jiilka cusub ee iPhone 14, iyadoo caado u ah inay hal mar cusbooneysiiso sannadkii. Dad badan oo isticmaala ayaa la yaabay in "iPhone uu horumaray ilaa jiilka 14aad". Waxayna si dhakhso ah ugu guulaysatay in ka badan 1 milyan oo ballansasho online ah suuqa Shiinaha. iPhone wali waa caan ku ah dhalinyarada.

Taleefannada casriga ah ayaa bilaabay wareeggii ugu horreeyay ee baahida loo qabo habka saxda ah ee laysarka

In ka badan toban sano ka hor, markii taleefannada casriga ah la bilaabay, tignoolajiyada warshadaynta laser-ka ayaa weli heer hoose ahayd. Laser-ka fiber-ka iyo laser-ka aadka u dhaqsaha badan waxay ahaayeen waxyaabo cusub oo madhan suuqa Shiinaha, ha ahaato habka saxda ah ee laser-ka. Tan iyo 2011, calaamadaynta laser-ka saxda ah ee hooseeya ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu dabaqay Shiinaha. Waqtigaas, waxaa laga wada hadlay laser-ka cagaaran ee xoogga yar iyo laser-ka ultraviolet-ka. Haddana, laser-ka aadka u degdega ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu isticmaalay ujeeddooyin ganacsi, waxaana laga hadlayaa habka saxda ah ee laser-ka aadka u degdega ah.

Adeegsiga ballaaran ee habka saxda ah ee loo isticmaalo ...

Jarida Guddiyada Laser-ka

Tan iyo 2021, alaabada macaamiisha sida taleefannada casriga ah, suunka gacanta ee la xiran karo iyo muraayadaha bandhigga ayaa muujiyay isbeddel hoos u dhac ah, taasoo horseeday baahida daciifka ah ee qalabka wax lagu farsameeyo elektaroonigga macaamiisha iyo cadaadis weyn oo saaran kobaciisa. Haddaba iPhone14-ka cusub ma bilaabi karaa wareeg cusub oo kor u kaca wax lagu farsameeyo? Laakiin marka laga eego isbeddelka hadda jira in dadku aysan rabin inay iibsadaan taleefan cusub, waxaa hubaal ah in taleefannada casriga ah aysan gacan ka geysan karin kobaca cusub ee baahida suuqa. 5G iyo taleefannada la laaban karo ee caan ah dhowr sano ka hor waxay keeni karaan beddel qayb ahaan ah oo saamiyada ah. Markaa, halka wareegga xiga ee kor u kaca baahida ee habka saxda ah ee wax lagu farsameeyo laser-ka uu noqon karo?

Kobaca warshadaha semiconductor-ka iyo chips-ka Shiinaha

Shiinuhu waa warshad caalami ah oo dhab ah. Sannadka 2020, qiimaha dheeraadka ah ee warshadaha wax soo saarka Shiinaha ayaa ah 28.5% saamiga adduunka. Waa warshadaha wax soo saarka ee Shiinaha ee waaweyn ee keena awood suuq oo aad u weyn oo loogu talagalay farsamaynta iyo wax soo saarka laysarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warshadaha wax soo saarka Shiinaha waxay leeyihiin ururin farsamo oo daciif ah marxaladda hore, badankooduna waa warshado heer dhexe iyo heer hoose ah. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay waxaa la arkay horumar weyn oo ku yimid mashiinnada, gaadiidka, tamarta, injineernimada badda, hawada sare, qalabka wax soo saarka, iwm., oo ay ku jiraan horumarinta qalabka laysarka iyo laysarka, taas oo si weyn u yareysay farqiga heerka horumarsan ee caalamiga ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka Ururka Warshadaha Semiconductor, dhul weynaha Shiinaha waa dhismaha ugu dhaqsaha badan adduunka, iyadoo 31 warshadood oo waaweyn ay diiradda saarayaan habka bisil ee la filayo in la dhammeeyo dhammaadka 2024; Xawaaraha ayaa aad uga sarreeya 19 warshadood oo loo qorsheeyay in laga hawlgeliyo Taiwan, Shiinaha isla muddadaas, iyo sidoo kale 12 warshadood oo laga filayo Mareykanka.

Waqti aan fogayn, Shiinuhu wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in warshadaha isku-dhafan ee Shanghai ay ka gudbeen habka jajabka 14nm waxayna gaareen heer wax-soo-saar ballaaran. Qaar ka mid ah jajabyada ka sarreeya 28nm ee loo isticmaalo qalabka guryaha, baabuurta iyo isgaarsiinta, Shiinuhu wuxuu ku faanaa habka wax soo saarka oo aad u bislaaday, wuxuuna si fiican u dabooli karaa baahida guud ee inta badan jajabyada gudaha. Iyadoo la soo bandhigay Xeerka CHIPS ee Mareykanka, tartanka tignoolajiyada jajabka ee u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka ayaa aad u daran, waxaana laga yaabaa inuu jiro xaddi badan oo sahay ah. 2021 waxaa la arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid soo dejinta jajabyada Shiinaha.

Chip-ka La farsameeyay ee Laser-ka

Laser-ka loo isticmaalo farsamaynta jajabyada semiconductor-ka

Wafers waa agabka aasaasiga ah ee wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka iyo jajabyada, kuwaas oo u baahan in si farsamo ahaan loo nadiifiyo ka dib koritaanka. Marxaladda dambe, jarista wafer, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dicing wafer, waa muhiimad weyn. Tiknoolajiyadda jarista wafer-ka DPSS ee hore ee garaaca gaagaaban ayaa la sameeyay oo ku bislaaday Yurub iyo Mareykanka. Marka awoodda laysarka aadka u dheereeya ay korodho, isticmaalkeedu wuxuu si tartiib tartiib ah u noqon doonaa mid caan ah mustaqbalka, gaar ahaan hababka sida jarista wafer, godadka qodista yar yar, tijaabooyinka beta ee xiran. Awoodda baahida ee qalabka laysarka aadka u dheereeya waa mid aad u weyn.

Hadda, waxaa jira soosaarayaal qalabka laser-ka saxda ah oo ku sugan Shiinaha kuwaas oo bixin kara qalabka daloolinta wafer-ka, kaas oo lagu dabaqi karo daloolinta dusha sare ee wafer-ka 12-inji ah ee hoos yimaada habka 28nm, iyo qalabka jarista wafer-ka ee laser-ka ee lagu dabaqay jajabyada dareemayaasha MEMS, jajabyada xusuusta iyo goobaha kale ee wax soo saarka chip-ka ee heerka sare ah. Sannadkii 2020, shirkad weyn oo laser ah oo ku taal Shenzhen ayaa soo saartay qalab laser-ka ka saarista si loo xaqiijiyo kala-soocidda xaleefyada galaaska iyo silikoon, qalabkana waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro jajabyada semiconductor-ka heerka sare ah.

Waferka Jarida Laser-ka ee Chip-ka ah

Bartamihii 2022, shirkad laysar ah oo ku taal Wuhan ayaa soo bandhigtay qalab jarista laser-ka oo si buuxda otomaatig ah loogu beddelay, kaas oo si guul leh loogu dabaqay daaweynta dusha sare ee laysarka ee goobta jajabyada. Qalabku wuxuu isticmaalaa laysarka femtosecond oo sax ah iyo tamar garaac oo aad u hooseeya si uu wax uga beddelo laysarka dusha sare ee walxaha semiconductor-ka ee ku jira nooca micron, sidaas darteed si weyn ayuu u hagaajiyaa waxqabadka aaladaha optoelectronic-ka semiconductor-ka. Qalabku wuxuu ku habboon yahay jarista semiconductor-ka ee qiimaha sare leh, kanaalka cidhiidhiga ah (≥20um) ee SiC, GaAs, LiTaO3 iyo jarista kale ee chip-ka wafer-ka ee gudaha, sida jajabyada silicon, jajabyada dareemayaasha MEMS, jajabyada CMOS, iwm.

Shiinaha ayaa wax ka qabanaya dhibaatooyinka farsamo ee muhiimka ah ee mashiinnada lithography, taas oo horseedi doonta baahida loo qabo laysarka excimer iyo laysarka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran ee la xiriira isticmaalka mashiinnada lithography, laakiin cilmi-baaris yar ayaa laga sameeyay arrintan ka hor Shiinaha.

Madaxyada farsamaynta laser-ka saxda ah ee loogu talagalay dhammaadka sare iyo jajabyada ayaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan mowjadda xigta ee waallida

Sababtoo ah daciifnimada warshadaha chips-ka semiconductor-ka ee Shiinaha ka hor, waxaa jiray cilmi-baaris yar iyo codsiyo ku saabsan chips-ka farsamaynta laysarka, kuwaas oo markii ugu horreysay loo isticmaalay isu-geynta dhammaadka badeecadaha elektaroonigga ah ee macaamiisha ee hoos yimaada. Mustaqbalka, suuqa ugu weyn ee farsamaynta laysarka saxda ah ee Shiinaha ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah uga guuri doona farsamaynta qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee guud una gudbi doona agabka kor u socda iyo qaybaha muhiimka ah, gaar ahaan diyaarinta agabka semiconductor-ka, biomedical-ka, iyo agabka polymer-ka.

Habab badan oo loo adeegsado laysarka warshadaha jajabka semiconductor-ka ayaa la horumarin doonaa. Badeecadaha jajabka saxsan ee sare, habaynta indhaha ee aan taabashada lahayn ayaa ah habka ugu habboon. Iyadoo baahida weyn ee jajabyada loo qabo, warshadaha jajabku waxay aad ugu dhowdahay inay gacan ka geystaan ​​wareegga xiga ee baahida loo qabo qalabka farsamaynta laysarka saxda ah.