Binciken Matsayin Yanzu da kuma Damar Sarrafa Gilashin Laser

Fasahar kera Laser ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, inda babban aikace-aikacenta shine sarrafa laser don kayan ƙarfe. Yanke Laser, walda laser, da rufin laser na ƙarfe suna daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin sarrafa laser na ƙarfe. Duk da haka, yayin da yawan aiki ke ƙaruwa, haɗakar samfuran laser ya zama mai tsanani, wanda ke iyakance ci gaban kasuwar laser. Saboda haka, don shiga cikin nasara, aikace-aikacen laser dole ne ya faɗaɗa zuwa sabbin fannoni na kayan aiki. Kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba waɗanda suka dace da aikace-aikacen laser sun haɗa da yadi, gilashi, robobi, polymers, yumbu, da ƙari. Kowane abu ya ƙunshi masana'antu da yawa, amma dabarun sarrafa manya sun riga sun wanzu, wanda hakan ya sa maye gurbin laser ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne.

Domin shiga fagen kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba, ya zama dole a yi nazari ko hulɗar laser da kayan zai yiwu kuma ko za a sami mummunan sakamako. A halin yanzu, gilashi ya fito fili a matsayin babban yanki mai babban ƙima da yuwuwar amfani da aikace-aikacen sarrafa laser na rukuni.

Babban sarari don Yanke Gilashin Laser

Gilashi muhimmin abu ne na masana'antu da ake amfani da shi a masana'antu daban-daban kamar su mota, gini, likitanci, da na'urorin lantarki. Aikace-aikacensa sun kama daga ƙananan matatun gani masu auna micrometers zuwa manyan bangarorin gilashi da ake amfani da su a masana'antu kamar su mota ko gini.

Ana iya rarraba gilashin zuwa gilashin gani, gilashin quartz, gilashin microcrystalline, gilashin saffir, da sauransu. Babban siffa ta gilashi ita ce karyewar sa, wanda ke haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa ga hanyoyin sarrafa gargajiya. Hanyoyin yanke gilashi na gargajiya galibi suna amfani da kayan aikin ƙarfe mai tauri ko lu'u-lu'u, tare da tsarin yankewa zuwa matakai biyu. Na farko, ana ƙirƙirar tsagewa a saman gilashin ta amfani da kayan aiki mai gefen lu'u-lu'u ko kuma ƙafafun niƙa mai tauri. Na biyu, ana amfani da hanyoyin injiniya don raba gilashin a layin tsagewa. Duk da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin gargajiya suna da kurakurai bayyanannu. Ba su da inganci sosai, wanda ke haifar da gefuna marasa daidaito waɗanda galibi suna buƙatar gogewa na biyu, kuma suna samar da tarkace da ƙura da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, don ayyuka kamar haƙa ramuka a tsakiyar bangarorin gilashi ko yanke siffofi marasa daidaituwa, hanyoyin gargajiya suna da ƙalubale sosai. Nan ne fa'idodin gilashin yanke laser suka bayyana. A shekarar 2022, kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na masana'antar gilashi na China sun kai kimanin yuan biliyan 744.3. Yawan shigar fasahar yanke laser a masana'antar gilashi har yanzu yana cikin matakin farko, yana nuna babban sarari don amfani da fasahar yanke laser a matsayin madadin.

Yanke Gilashin Laser: Daga Wayoyin Hannu Zuwa Gaba

Yankewar laser na gilashi galibi yana amfani da kan Bezier mai mai da hankali don samar da hasken laser mai ƙarfi da yawa a cikin gilashin. Ta hanyar mayar da hasken Bezier a cikin gilashin, yana tururi kayan nan take, yana ƙirƙirar yankin tururi, wanda ke faɗaɗa cikin sauri don samar da tsagewa a saman sama da ƙasa. Waɗannan tsagewar suna samar da sashin yankewa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ramuka marasa adadi, suna cimma nasarar yankewa ta hanyar karyewar damuwa ta waje.

Tare da ci gaba mai yawa a fasahar laser, matakan wutar lantarki sun karu. Laser kore na nanosecond mai ƙarfin fiye da 20W zai iya yanke gilashi yadda ya kamata, yayin da laser ultraviolet na picosecond mai ƙarfin sama da 15W ba tare da wata matsala ba yana yanke gilashi ƙasa da kauri mm 2. Akwai kamfanonin China waɗanda za su iya yanke gilashi har zuwa kauri mm 17. Gilashin yanke laser yana da inganci sosai. Misali, yanke gilashin diamita cm 10 akan gilashin kauri mm 3 yana ɗaukar kimanin daƙiƙa 10 kawai tare da yanke laser idan aka kwatanta da mintuna da yawa da wukake na inji. Gefunan da aka yanke da laser suna da santsi, tare da daidaiton ƙira har zuwa 30μm, wanda ke kawar da buƙatar yin injina na biyu don samfuran masana'antu gabaɗaya.

Gilashin yanke laser wani sabon ci gaba ne, wanda ya fara daga shekaru shida zuwa bakwai da suka gabata. Masana'antar kera wayoyin hannu tana cikin waɗanda suka fara amfani da shi, suna amfani da yanke laser a kan murfin gilashin kyamara kuma suna fuskantar ƙaruwa tare da gabatar da na'urar yanke laser mara ganuwa. Tare da shaharar wayoyin komai da ruwanka na cikakken allo, yanke laser daidai na dukkan manyan allon gilashi ya haɓaka ƙarfin sarrafa gilashi sosai. Yanke laser ya zama ruwan dare idan ana maganar sarrafa abubuwan gilashin ga wayoyin hannu. Wannan yanayin ya samo asali ne daga kayan aiki masu sarrafa kansu don sarrafa gilashin murfin wayar hannu na laser, na'urorin yanke laser don kariyar kyamara, da kayan aiki masu wayo don haƙa gilashin laser.

Gilashin Allon Lantarki da Aka Sanya a Mota Yana Ɗauki Yanke Laser A Hankali

Allon da aka ɗora a mota yana cinye allunan gilashi da yawa, musamman don allon sarrafawa na tsakiya, tsarin kewayawa, kyamarar dashcam, da sauransu. A zamanin yau, sabbin motocin makamashi da yawa suna da tsarin fasaha da manyan allunan sarrafawa na tsakiya. Tsarin fasaha ya zama na yau da kullun a cikin motoci, tare da manyan allunan allo da yawa, haka kuma allunan lanƙwasa na 3D a hankali suna zama babban kasuwa. Ana amfani da allunan murfin gilashi don allon da aka ɗora a mota sosai saboda kyawawan halayensu, kuma gilashin allo mai lanƙwasa mai inganci na iya samar da ƙwarewa mafi kyau ga masana'antar mota. Duk da haka, babban tauri da karyewar gilashi yana haifar da ƙalubale ga sarrafawa.

Allon gilashi da aka ɗora a mota yana buƙatar daidaito mai yawa, kuma juriyar abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin tsarin suna da ƙanƙanta. Kurakuran girma masu girma yayin yanke allon murabba'i/sanduna na iya haifar da matsalolin haɗawa. Hanyoyin sarrafawa na gargajiya sun haɗa da matakai da yawa kamar yanke ƙafafu, karya da hannu, siffanta CNC, da chamfering, da sauransu. Tunda sarrafa shi ne na inji, yana fama da matsaloli kamar ƙarancin inganci, rashin inganci, ƙarancin yawan amfani, da tsada mai yawa. Bayan yanke ƙafafu, injinan CNC na murfin tsakiya na mota ɗaya na iya ɗaukar har zuwa mintuna 8-10. Tare da lasers masu sauri sama da 100W, ana iya yanke gilashin 17mm a lokaci ɗaya; haɗa hanyoyin samarwa da yawa yana ƙara inganci da kashi 80%, inda laser 1 yayi daidai da injunan CNC 20. Wannan yana inganta yawan aiki sosai kuma yana rage farashin sarrafa na'urar.

Sauran Aikace-aikacen Lasers a Gilashi

Gilashin Quartz yana da tsari na musamman, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi wuya a raba yanke da lasers, amma ana iya amfani da lasers na femtosecond don yin zane a kan gilashin quartz. Wannan aikace-aikacen lasers na femtosecond ne don yin aiki daidai da kuma yin zane a kan gilashin quartz. Fasahar laser na Femtosecond fasaha ce mai tasowa cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da daidaito da sauri mai yawa, wanda ke iya yin zane da sarrafawa a matakin micrometer zuwa nanometer akan saman kayan daban-daban. Fasahar sanyaya laser ta bambanta da canjin buƙatun kasuwa. A matsayina na ƙwararren masana'antar sanyaya sanyi wanda ke sabunta namu na'urar sanyaya ruwa Layukan samarwa sun yi daidai da yanayin kasuwa, TEYU Masu sanyaya Laser na CWUP-Series Ultrafast na kamfanin Chiller na iya samar da ingantattun hanyoyin sanyaya lasers na picosecond da femtosecond tare da wutar lantarki har zuwa 60W.

Walda ta gilashi ta Laser sabuwar fasaha ce da ta bullo a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku da suka gabata, wacce ta fara bayyana a Jamus. A halin yanzu, raka'a kaɗan ne kawai a China, kamar Huagong Laser, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, da Harbin Hit Weld Technology, suka karya wannan fasaha. A ƙarƙashin aikin laser mai ƙarfi da gajeriyar bugun jini, raƙuman matsin lamba da lasers ke samarwa na iya haifar da ƙananan fasa ko yawan damuwa a cikin gilashin, wanda zai iya haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin guda biyu na gilashi. Gilashin da aka haɗa bayan walda yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana yiwuwa a sami walda mai ƙarfi tsakanin gilashin kauri 3mm. A nan gaba, masu bincike suna kuma mai da hankali kan walda ta gilashi da wasu kayan aiki. A halin yanzu, waɗannan sabbin hanyoyin ba a yi amfani da su sosai a cikin rukuni-rukuni ba, amma da zarar sun girma, babu shakka za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu fannoni na aikace-aikace masu inganci.