Muhimmin Matsayin Fasahar Laser a Masana'antar Kwayoyin Photovoltaic

Yayin da masana'antar photovoltaic (PV) ke ci gaba da neman ingantaccen canji da rage farashin masana'antu, fasahar tsari ta zama muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin tantanin halitta da kuma iya daidaitawa. Daga PERC zuwa TOPCon da HJT, da kuma zuwa ga ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite da tandem, tsarin tantanin halitta yana ƙara zama mai rikitarwa yayin da tagogi na tsari ke ƙara zama ƙanƙanta. A cikin wannan juyin halitta, fasahar laser ta canza daga kayan aiki mai tallafi zuwa ƙarfin kera wanda ke tallafawa tsararraki da yawa na ƙwayoyin PV masu inganci.

A cikin layukan samar da PERC, cirewar laser yana ba da damar yin tsarin matakan micron na yadudduka masu wucewa don samar da daidaiton hulɗar gida. A cikin kera TOPCon, ana ɗaukar doping na laser boron a matsayin babbar hanyar da za ta kai ga ingancin ƙwayoyin halitta fiye da kashi 26%. A cikin ƙwayoyin perovskite da tandem masu tasowa, rubutun laser kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ko za a iya cimma babban yanki, babban daidaito. Tare da yanayin rashin hulɗa, babban daidaito, da ƙarancin yankin da zafi ya shafa, fasahar laser ta zama abin da ba makawa don haɓaka inganci da amincin masana'antu a duk faɗin masana'antar PV.

Fasahar Laser a matsayin Gidauniyar gama gari don Ci gaban Masana'antar PV

Yayin da fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta ke ci gaba, masana'antun suna fuskantar ƙalubale iri-iri: fasaloli masu kyau na tsarin, kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, da kuma buƙatun yawan amfanin ƙasa masu tsauri. Sarrafa laser yana magance waɗannan ƙalubalen ta hanyar haɗakar ƙwarewa ta musamman:
* Tsarin aiki mara lamba, guje wa damuwa ta injiniya da ƙananan fasa
* Kula da sararin samaniya na matakin micron, wanda ya dace da kyawawan tsarin tantanin halitta da rikitarwa
* Shigar da makamashi na gida, mai gajeriyar hanya, rage lalacewar zafi
* Babban jituwa tare da sarrafa kansa da sarrafa tsarin dijital
Waɗannan halaye sun sa fasahar laser ta zama dandamali mai amfani da yawa kuma mai haɓakawa, wanda za a iya amfani da shi daga ƙwayoyin silicon na gargajiya zuwa tsarin gine-ginen tandem na gaba.

Manyan Aikace-aikacen Laser a Faɗin Fasahar Tantanin Halitta ta Mainstream
1. Kwayoyin PERC: Tsarin Sarrafa Laser Mai Girma
Nasarar masana'antu ta fasahar PERC (Passivated Emitter da Rear Cell) tana da alaƙa da manyan injinan sarrafa laser. Ana amfani da Laser ablation don buɗe layin aluminum oxide passivation Layer a gefen baya, yana samar da hulɗar baya-bayan gida tare da kiyaye aikin passivation.
Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da na'urar laser selective emitter (SE) yana ba da damar yin amfani da na'urar laser selective emitter mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin hulɗar gaba, yana rage juriyar hulɗa da kuma inganta ingancin ƙwayoyin halitta da kusan 0.3%. Girma da kwanciyar hankali na waɗannan hanyoyin laser sun goyi bayan samar da taro na dogon lokaci da rinjayen kasuwa na ƙwayoyin PERC.

2. TOPCon Cells: Yin amfani da Laser Boron a matsayin Tsarin Nasara
Kwayoyin TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) suna amfani da wafers na silicon na nau'in N, suna ba da fa'idodi na musamman a cikin zaɓin mai ɗaukar kaya da aikin lantarki. Duk da haka, yaduwar boron mai zafi mai zafi ta hanyar tanda mai zafi yana haifar da ƙalubale, gami da yawan amfani da makamashi mai yawa, saurin fitarwa, da kuma ƙaruwar haɗarin amincin oxide na rami.
Yin amfani da na'urar Laser boron yana ba da damar dumama ta gida da sauri, yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin boron su bazu zuwa yankuna da aka ƙayyade ba tare da fallasa dukkan wafer ɗin ga yanayin zafi mai yawa ba. Wannan hanyar tana rage juriyar hulɗa sosai yayin da take kiyaye ingancin passivation kuma ana ɗaukarta a matsayin muhimmin tsari don tura ingancin TOPCon sama da kashi 26%.

3. Kwayoyin HJT: Ana amfani da Laser wajen haɗa su don inganta hanyoyin sadarwa.
Kwayoyin HJT (Heterojunction) suna dogara ne akan yadudduka na silicon marasa tsari don samun kyakkyawan yanayin surface passivation. Duk da haka, lahani na haɗin gwiwa kamar rataye haɗin gwiwa na iya haifar da sake haɗawa.
Annealing da Laser ke haifarwa (LIA) yana amfani da hasken laser mai sarrafawa don kunna ƙaurawar hydrogen a mahaɗin silicon mai amorphous/crystalline, yana gyara lahani a wurin. An nuna cewa wannan tsari yana inganta ƙarfin lantarki na buɗewa (Voc) da kuma matakin cikawa (FF), wanda hakan ya sa ya zama hanya mai amfani don inganta ingancin HJT.

4. Kwayoyin Perovskite da Tandem: Rubutun Laser don Haɗawa Mai Sauƙi
A cikin ƙwayoyin tandem na perovskite da perovskite/silicon, sarrafa laser ba wai kawai kayan aiki ne na ƙera ba, har ma da mai kunna tsarin. Matakan rubutu na laser na P1, P2, da P3 na yau da kullun suna bayyana rarrabuwar lantarki, keɓewar ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta, da haɗin jeri.
Ganin yanayin rauni da kuma yanayin kwanciyar hankali na yanayin aiki daban-daban, sarrafa laser—tare da halayen rashin hulɗa da kuma daidaito mai girma—yana da mahimmanci don cimma babban inganci da daidaito a cikin na'urori masu girma. Sakamakon haka, ana ɗaukar rubutun laser a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da ke haifar da masana'antar ƙwayoyin halitta ta tandem.

Tsarin Laser na Janar don Rage Farashi da Inganta Yawan Amfani
Bayan aikace-aikacen takamaiman ƙwayoyin halitta, fasahar laser kuma tana tallafawa matakai daban-daban na ƙera dandamali daban-daban:
* Canja wurin layin grid na tushen Laser: Yana ba da damar ƙananan lantarki da ingantaccen daidaito idan aka kwatanta da buga allo, wanda ke rage yawan amfani da man goge azurfa sosai, musamman a cikin ƙananan hanyoyin zafi kamar HJT.
* Dicing na laser mara lalacewa: Yana ba da damar sarrafa rabin-cell da kuma sassauƙa da yawa tare da rage haɗarin ƙananan fasa, yana inganta fitowar wutar lantarki.
* Warewa da kuma kawar da gefen Laser: Yana gyara lalacewar gefen bayan yankewa, yana rage asarar haɗuwa da kuma ba da gudummawa ga samun ingantaccen matakin module.
Waɗannan hanyoyin laser na gabaɗaya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage farashi a kowace watt yayin da suke inganta yawan amfanin masana'antu gaba ɗaya.

Gudanar da Zafi : Tushen Sarrafa Laser Mai Sauƙi
Yayin da masana'antar PV ke ci gaba da aiki zuwa ga mafi girman ƙarfin aiki da kuma ci gaba da aiki na dogon lokaci, kwanciyar hankali na tsarin laser ya dogara da daidaitaccen sarrafa zafi. Ko da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin fitarwar laser na iya shafar juriyar hulɗa kai tsaye, yawan lahani, ko daidaiton faɗin layi.
A cikin yanayin samarwa, tushen laser da abubuwan gani suna aiki ƙarƙashin nauyin zafi mai ɗorewa. Saboda haka, tsarin sanyaya da sarrafa zafin jiki masu inganci suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton kuzarin laser, rage guduwar wutar lantarki, da tabbatar da sakamakon sarrafawa mai maimaitawa. Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi na tushen laser, kayan wutar lantarki, da kayan haɗin gani suna ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙarfin sarrafawa, musamman ga ƙwayoyin TOPCon, HJT, da tandem waɗanda ke da ƙananan gefuna na tsari.
Maganin sarrafa zafin jiki na masana'antu da aka haɓaka don aikace-aikacen laser mai ƙarfi suna ci gaba da haɓaka zuwa ga kwanciyar hankali mafi girma, amsawa cikin sauri, da kuma dogaro da aiki na dogon lokaci, suna samar da tushe mai ƙarfi don haɓaka masana'antar PV.

Kammalawa
Tun daga babban tallan ƙwayoyin PERC zuwa ga amfani da fasahar TOPCon da HJT cikin sauri, har zuwa binciken gine-ginen tandem, fasahar laser tana ci gaba da tafiya cikin matakai mafi mahimmanci na kera ƙwayoyin photovoltaic. Duk da cewa ba ta ayyana iyakar ingancin ka'idar ba, tana da ƙarfi wajen tantance ko za a iya samar da wannan inganci akai-akai, cikin iko, da kuma a sikelin.
Yayin da masana'antar PV ke ci gaba zuwa ga ingantaccen aiki da kuma ingantaccen aiki, sarrafa laser, tare da tallafin matakin tsarin da ke tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, zai ci gaba da zama babban abin da ke haifar da ci gaban fasaha da haɓaka masana'antu.