Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Ukadaulo wa Laser Pakupanga Ma Cell a Photovoltaic

Pamene makampani opanga ma photovoltaic (PV) akupitilizabe kufunafuna mphamvu yosinthira zinthu komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, ukadaulo wa njira wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo ndi kukula kwake. Kuchokera ku PERC kupita ku TOPCon ndi HJT, komanso kupita ku maselo a perovskite ndi a tandem solar, mapangidwe a maselo akuchulukirachulukira pamene mawindo a njira akukula. Mkati mwa kusinthaku, ukadaulo wa laser wasintha kuchoka pa chida chothandizira kupita ku mphamvu yayikulu yopanga yomwe imathandizira mibadwo yambiri ya maselo a PV ogwira ntchito bwino.

Mu mizere yopanga PERC, kuchotsedwa kwa laser kumathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a micron a zigawo za passivation kuti apange kulumikizana kokhazikika kwapafupi. Mu kupanga kwa TOPCon, kugwiritsa ntchito laser boron doping kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a maselo opitilira 26%. Mu maselo atsopano a perovskite ndi tandem, kulemba laser kumatsimikizira mwachindunji ngati kupanga kwakukulu, kofanana kwambiri kungatheke. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wosakhudzana, kulondola kwambiri, komanso malo ochepa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ukadaulo wa laser wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito komanso kudalirika kwa kupanga m'makampani onse a PV.

Ukadaulo wa Laser Monga Maziko Ofanana a Kupanga Ma PV Otsogola

Pamene ukadaulo wa maselo ukupita patsogolo, opanga amakumana ndi mavuto angapo ofanana: mawonekedwe abwino a kapangidwe kake, zipangizo zofewa kwambiri, komanso zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu. Kukonza ndi laser kumathetsa mavutowa kudzera mu kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa luso:
* Kukonza kosakhudzana ndi kukhudzana, kupewa kupsinjika kwa makina ndi ming'alu yaying'ono
* Kuwongolera malo kwa micron-level, koyenera kapangidwe ka maselo abwino komanso ovuta
* Kulowetsa mphamvu m'malo osiyanasiyana, komwe kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha
* Kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi zochita zokha komanso kuwongolera njira zama digito
Zinthu zimenezi zimapangitsa ukadaulo wa laser kukhala njira yosinthika kwambiri komanso yosinthika, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira maselo a silicon achikhalidwe mpaka zomangamanga za tandem za m'badwo wotsatira.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Key Laser Mu Mainstream Cell Technologies
1. Maselo a PERC: Chitsanzo Chopangira Laser Yokhwima
Kupambana kwa ukadaulo wa PERC (Passivated Emitter ndi Rear Cell) m'mafakitale kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukonza laser kwakukulu. Kuchotsa laser kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula mosamala gawo la aluminiyamu oxide passivation kumbuyo, ndikupanga kulumikizana kumbuyo kwa malo pomwe kumasunga magwiridwe antchito a passivation.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutulutsa mankhwala m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito laser selective emitter (SE) kumathandiza kuti maselo azigwira ntchito m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olemera omwe ali pansi pa ma contacts akutsogolo, kuchepetsa kukana kwa ma contacts komanso nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito a maselo ndi pafupifupi 0.3%. Kukhwima ndi kukhazikika kwa njirazi za laser kwathandizira kupanga zinthu zambiri kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kulamulira msika wa maselo a PERC.

2. Maselo a TOPCon: Kutulutsa Mankhwala Ogwiritsa Ntchito Laser Boron ngati Njira Yopambana
Maselo a TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) amagwiritsa ntchito ma wafer a silicon amtundu wa N, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ubwino wosankha bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Komabe, kufalikira kwa boron komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'ng'anjo kumakhala ndi zovuta, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kulimba kwa oxide m'ngalande.
Kugwiritsa ntchito laser boron doping kumathandiza kutentha komwe kumachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana, komwe kumalola maatomu a boron kufalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana popanda kuyika wafer yonse pamalo otentha kwambiri. Njira imeneyi imachepetsa kwambiri kukana kukhudzana ndi zinthu zina pamene ikusunga khalidwe la passivation ndipo ambiri amaona kuti ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu za TOPCon kupitirira 26%.

3. Maselo a HJT: Kuyika kwa Laser-Induced for Interface Optimization
Maselo a HJT (Heterojunction) amadalira zigawo za silicon zopanda mawonekedwe kuti azitha kusuntha bwino pamwamba. Komabe, zolakwika za mawonekedwe monga ma bond opachikidwa zimatha kutsogolera ku kuyanjananso kwa chonyamulira.
Kupopera kwa laser (LIA) kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kolamulidwa kuti kuyambitse kusamuka kwa haidrojeni pamalo osasinthika/opanda kristalo a silicon, kukonza zolakwika zomwe zili pamalopo. Njirayi yawonetsedwa kuti ikuwongolera voliyumu yotseguka (Voc) ndi fill factor (FF), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yothandiza yowongolera magwiridwe antchito a HJT.

4. Ma cell a Perovskite ndi Tandem: Kulemba kwa Laser kwa Kuphatikiza Kowonjezereka
Mu maselo a perovskite ndi perovskite/silicon tandem, kukonza laser sikuti ndi chida chopangira chokha komanso chothandizira kapangidwe kake. Masitepe okhazikika a P1, P2, ndi P3 laser scribing amafotokoza kugawika kwa ma electrode, kudzipatula kwa maselo ang'onoang'ono, ndi kulumikizana kwa mndandanda.
Popeza kuti kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa zigawo zogwirira ntchito ndi kochepa komanso kosiyanasiyana, kukonza laser—komwe sikukhudza komanso kolondola kwambiri—ndikofunikira kuti zipangizo zazikulu zigwire ntchito bwino komanso mofanana. Chifukwa chake, kulemba laser kumaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa ma cell a tandem.

Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Laser Pochepetsa Ndalama ndi Kukonza Zokolola
Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito maselo enieni, ukadaulo wa laser umathandizanso njira zingapo zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
* Kusamutsa mzere wa gridi pogwiritsa ntchito laser: Kumathandizira ma electrode abwino komanso kusinthasintha bwino poyerekeza ndi kusindikiza pazenera, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito siliva, makamaka m'njira zotentha zochepa monga HJT.
* Kudula kwa laser kopanda kuwonongeka: Kumalola kukonza bwino kwa theka la maselo ndi kudula kwamitundu yambiri ndi chiopsezo chocheperako cha ming'alu yaying'ono, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa ya module.
* Kupatula m'mphepete mwa laser ndi passivation: Kukonza kuwonongeka kwa m'mphepete pambuyo podula, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa recombination ndikuthandizira kupindula kwa magwiridwe antchito a module.
Njira zonsezi za laser zimathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa mtengo pa watt imodzi pomwe zikukweza phindu lonse la kupanga.

Kusamalira Kutentha : Maziko a Kukonza Kokhazikika kwa Laser
Pamene kupanga ma PV kukupita patsogolo pakupanga mphamvu zambiri komanso kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, kukhazikika kwa njira ya laser kumadalira kwambiri kuwongolera kutentha kolondola. Ngakhale kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa kutulutsa kwa laser kumatha kukhudza mwachindunji kukana kwa kukhudzana, kuchuluka kwa chilema, kapena kusinthasintha kwa m'lifupi mwa mzere.
M'malo opangira zinthu, magwero a laser ndi zida zowunikira zimagwira ntchito motsatira kutentha kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, njira zodalirika zoziziritsira ndi zowongolera kutentha ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mphamvu ya laser ikhale yokhazikika, kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa mphamvu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zobwerezabwereza zitha kukonzedwa. Kuyang'anira bwino kutentha kwa magwero a laser, ma module amphamvu, ndi ma assemblies a optical kumathandizira mwachindunji kuti ntchito ikhale yolimba komanso yogwira ntchito bwino, makamaka kwa ma TOPCon, HJT, ndi ma tandem cells omwe ali ndi malire ochepa a njira zoyendetsera ntchito.
Mayankho owongolera kutentha kwa mafakitale omwe apangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi laser yamphamvu kwambiri akupitilizabe kusintha kukhala okhazikika kwambiri, kuyankha mwachangu, komanso kudalirika kwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko olimba opangira ma PV apamwamba.

Mapeto
Kuyambira pa malonda akuluakulu a maselo a PERC mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ukadaulo wa TOPCon ndi HJT, mpaka kufufuza mapangidwe a tandem, ukadaulo wa laser nthawi zonse umadutsa munjira zofunika kwambiri popanga maselo a photovoltaic. Ngakhale kuti sufotokoza malire a luso la kulingalira, umatsimikiza mwamphamvu ngati luso limenelo lingapangidwe nthawi zonse, mowongolera, komanso pamlingo waukulu.
Pamene makampani opanga ma PV akupita patsogolo kuti agwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, kukonza ma laser, pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha dongosolo chomwe chimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwake, kudzakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi kukweza mafakitale.