Indima Ebalulekile Yobuchwepheshe Be-Laser Ekukhiqizweni Kwamaseli E-Photovoltaic

Njengoba imboni ye-photovoltaic (PV) iqhubeka nokuphishekela ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, ubuchwepheshe benqubo bube yisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamaseli kanye nokukhula kwawo. Kusukela ku-PERC kuya ku-TOPCon kanye ne-HJT, futhi ngokuya kumaseli elanga e-perovskite kanye namaseli elanga ahlangene, ukwakheka kwamaseli kuya ngokuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi amafasitela enqubo eba mancane. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kuthuthuka, ubuchwepheshe be-laser bushintshe kusuka ethuluzini elisekelayo kuya emandleni okukhiqiza ayinhloko asekela izizukulwane eziningi zamaseli e-PV asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Emigqeni yokukhiqiza ye-PERC, i-laser ablation ivumela ukufometha kwezinga le-micron kwezingqimba ze-passivation ukwakha oxhumana nabo bendawo abazinzile. Ekukhiqizeni i-TOPCon, i-laser boron doping ibhekwa kabanzi njengendlela ebalulekile yokufinyelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamaseli okungaphezu kuka-26%. Kumaseli e-perovskite nama-tandem asanda kuvela, i-laser scribing inquma ngqo ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwendawo enkulu, okufanayo okuphezulu kungafinyelelwa yini. Ngenxa yohlobo lwayo lokungathintani, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nendawo encane ethinteke kakhulu ekushiseni, ubuchwepheshe be-laser bube yinto ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kokukhiqiza embonini ye-PV.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Laser njengesisekelo esivamile sokukhiqiza i-PV ethuthukisiwe

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamaseli buthuthuka, abakhiqizi babhekana nezinselele eziningana ezifanayo: izici zesakhiwo ezingcono, izinto ezibucayi kakhulu, kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza eziqinile. Ukucubungula nge-laser kuxazulula lezi zinselele ngenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamakhono:
* Ukucubungula okungathintani, ukugwema ukucindezeleka komshini kanye nokuqhekeka okuncane
* Ukulawulwa kwendawo kwezinga le-micron, okufanele izakhiwo zamaseli ezincane neziyinkimbinkimbi
* Okokufaka kwamandla okwenziwa endaweni, okufushane kakhulu, okunciphisa umonakalo wokushisa
* Ukuhambisana okuphezulu nokuzenzakalela kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo yedijithali
Lezi zimfanelo zenza ubuchwepheshe be-laser bube yipulatifomu yenqubo eguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi ethuthukiswayo, esebenza kusukela kumaseli e-silicon ajwayelekile kuya kuzakhiwo ze-tandem zesizukulwane esilandelayo.

Izicelo Eziyinhloko Ze-Laser Kuzo Zonke I-Mainstream Cell Technologies
1. Amaseli e-PERC: Imodeli Yokucubungula I-Laser Evuthiwe
Impumelelo yezimboni yobuchwepheshe be-PERC (Passivated Emitter kanye neRear Cell) ihlobene kakhulu nokucutshungulwa kwe-laser okukhulu. Ukususwa kwe-laser kusetshenziselwa ukuvula ngokukhetha ungqimba lwe-aluminium oxide passivation ohlangothini olungemuva, kwakha ukuxhumana kwendawo ngemuva ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukusebenza kwe-passivation.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-laser selective emitter (SE) doping ivumela i-located heavy doping ngaphansi koxhumana nabo ohlangothini lwangaphambili, kunciphisa ukumelana koxhumana nabo futhi ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli cishe ngo-0.3%. Ukuvuthwa nokuzinza kwalezi zinqubo ze-laser kuye kwasekela ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwesikhathi eside kanye nokubusa kwemakethe kwamaseli e-PERC.

2. Amaseli e-TOPCon: I-Laser Boron Doping njengeNqubo Yokuthuthuka
Amaseli e-TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) asebenzisa ama-wafer e-silicon ohlobo lwe-N, anikeza izinzuzo ezingokwemvelo ekukhetheni kwenkampani kanye nokusebenza kukagesi. Kodwa-ke, ukusabalala kwe-boron okusekelwe esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu kuletha izinselele, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukudlula kancane, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuqina kwe-tunnel oxide.
Ukufakwa kwe-laser boron kwenza kube lula ukufudumala kwendawo, okusheshayo kakhulu, okuvumela ama-athomu e-boron ukuthi asakazeke ngokukhetha ezindaweni ezikhethiwe ngaphandle kokubeka yonke i-wafer emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ukumelana kokuthintana ngenkathi igcina ikhwalithi yokudlula futhi ibhekwa kabanzi njengenqubo ebalulekile yokucindezela ukusebenza kahle kwe-TOPCon ngaphezu kwama-26%.

3. Amaseli e-HJT: Ukunamathiselwa Okubangelwa yi-Laser ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-Interface
Amaseli e-HJT (Heterojunction) athembele ezingqimbeni ze-silicon ezi-amorphous ukuze kube nokudlula okuhle kakhulu kobuso. Kodwa-ke, amaphutha esixhumi esibonakalayo njengezibopho ezilengayo asengaholela ekuhlanganisweni kabusha kwe-carrier.
I-Laser-induced annealing (LIA) isebenzisa i-laser irradiation elawulwayo ukuze isebenze ukufuduka kwe-hydrogen ku-interface ye-silicon engaguquki/ekristalini, ilungisa amaphutha endaweni. Le nqubo iboniswe ukuthi ithuthukisa i-open-circuit voltage (Voc) kanye ne-fill factor (FF), okwenza kube yindlela ewusizo yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwe-HJT.

4. Amaseli e-Perovskite nama-Tandem: Ukubhala nge-Laser kokuhlanganiswa okukalayo
Kumaseli e-perovskite kanye ne-perovskite/silicon tandem, ukucubungula nge-laser akuyona nje ithuluzi lokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokusiza isakhiwo. Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokubhala nge-laser P1, P2, kanye ne-P3 zichaza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-electrode, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-sub-cell, kanye nokuxhumana kochungechunge.
Njengoba kunikezwe ubuthaka kanye nokuzinza okuhlukahlukene kokushisa kwezingqimba ezisebenzayo, ukucubungula nge-laser—ngezici zayo zokungathintani kanye nokucacisa okuphezulu—kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokufana kumadivayisi asendaweni enkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubhala nge-laser kubhekwa njengenye yezinqubo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli ahlangene.

Izinqubo Ze-Laser Ezijwayelekile Zokunciphisa Izindleko Nokuthuthukisa Isivuno
Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zeseli, ubuchwepheshe be-laser buphinde busekele izinyathelo eziningana zokukhiqiza ezisekelweni ezahlukene:
* Ukudluliswa komugqa wegridi okusekelwe ku-laser: Kunika amandla ama-electrode amahle kakhulu kanye nokuvumelana okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphrinta kwesikrini, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-silver paste, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokushisa okuphansi njenge-HJT.
* Ukusika nge-laser okungenamonakalo: Kuvumela ukucutshungulwa okunembile kwesigamu samaseli kanye nokusika okuningi ngengozi encishisiwe yokuqhekeka okuncane, okuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwamandla kwemodyuli.
* Ukuhlukaniswa komphetho we-laser kanye nokungasebenzisi: Kulungisa umonakalo womphetho ngemva kokusika, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuhlanganiswa kabusha futhi kunegalelo ekuzuzeni kokusebenza kahle kwezinga lemodyuli.
Lezi zinqubo ze-laser ezijwayelekile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izindleko nge-watt ngayinye ngenkathi zithuthukisa isivuno sokukhiqiza sonke.

Ukuphathwa Kokushisa : Isisekelo Sokucubungula Nge-Laser Ezinzile
Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-PV kuqhubekela phambili ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, ukuzinza kwenqubo ye-laser kuya ngokuya kuncika ekulawulweni kokushisa okunembile. Ngisho nokushintshashintsha okuncane kokukhishwa kwe-laser kungathinta ngqo ukumelana kokuthintana, ubuningi besici, noma ukuqina kobubanzi bomugqa.
Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, imithombo ye-laser kanye nezingxenye ze-optical zisebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokushisa eqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokupholisa nezokulawula izinga lokushisa ezithembekile zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kwamandla e-laser, ukunciphisa ukukhukhuleka kwamandla, nokuqinisekisa imiphumela yokucubungula ephindaphindwayo. Ukuphathwa kokushisa okuphumelelayo kwemithombo ye-laser, amamojula wamandla, kanye nezinhlangano ze-optical kunegalelo ngqo ekuvuneni okuphezulu kanye nokuqina kwenqubo, ikakhulukazi kuma-TOPCon, HJT, namaseli e-tandem anemingcele yenqubo emincane.
Izixazululo zokulawula izinga lokushisa zezimboni ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ziye ekuzinzeni okukhulu, impendulo esheshayo, kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokukhiqizwa kwe-PV okuthuthukisiwe.

Isiphetho
Kusukela ekuthengisweni okukhulu kwamaseli e-PERC kuya ekwamukelweni okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-TOPCon kanye ne-HJT, kuya ekuhlolweni kwezakhiwo ze-tandem, ubuchwepheshe be-laser buhlala budlula ezinyathelweni ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhiqizwa kwamaseli e-photovoltaic. Nakuba bungachazi umkhawulo wokusebenza kahle kwethiyori, bunquma ngokuqinile ukuthi lokho kusebenza kahle kungakhiqizwa njalo, ngokulawula, nangesilinganiso.
Njengoba imboni ye-PV ithuthuka iye ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu kanye nokuthembeka okukhulu ekukhiqizeni, ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser, kanye nokusekelwa kwezinga lesistimu okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwayo, kuzohlala kuyimbangela eyisisekelo yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.