Te Tūranga Hiranga o te Hangarau Reera i roto i te Hanga Pūtau Photovoltaic

I te mea kei te whai tonu te umanga photovoltaic (PV) i te pai o te huringa me te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga, kua noho te hangarau tukanga hei mea nui mō te mahi me te tauine o te pūtau. Mai i PERC ki TOPCon me HJT, me te haere tonu ki ngā pūtau solar perovskite me te tandem, kei te uaua haere ngā hanganga pūtau, ā, kei te whaiti haere ngā matapihi tukanga. I roto i tēnei whanaketanga, kua neke te hangarau laser mai i te taputapu tautoko ki te kaha hanga matua e tautoko ana i ngā whakatupuranga maha o ngā pūtau PV tino pai.

I roto i ngā raina whakaputa PERC, mā te tango i ngā matū mai i te laser ka taea te hanga tauira taumata-micron o ngā paparanga passivation kia hanga he hononga ā-rohe pumau. I roto i te hanga TOPCon, e kiia whānuitia ana te tāpiringa boron laser hei huarahi matua ki te whai huatanga pūtau neke atu i te 26%. I roto i ngā pūtau perovskite me ngā pūtau tandem e puta ake ana, ka whakatau tika te tuhi laser mēnā ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakaputanga nui-rohe, teitei-ōrite. Nā tōna āhua kore-pa, te tino tika, me te iti o te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera, kua noho te hangarau laser hei mea tino nui hei whakahohe i te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te pono o te hanga puta noa i te umanga PV.

Hangarau Taiaho hei Tūāpapa Noa mō te Hanganga PV Matatau

I te whanaketanga haere o ngā hangarau pūtau, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā kaihanga: ngā āhuatanga hanganga pai ake, ngā rauemi tairongo ake, me ngā whakaritenga hua tino pakari. Ka arohia e te tukatuka taiaho ēnei wero mā te huinga ahurei o ngā āheinga:
* Tukatuka kore-pa, te karo i te ahotea miihini me ngā kapiti moroiti
* Mana whakahaere ā-wāhi taumata-maikorona, e tika ana mō ngā hanganga pūtau pai me te uaua
* Whakaurunga pūngao ā-rohe, poto rawa, e whakaiti ana i te kino wera
* Te hototahitanga teitei ki te aunoatanga me te whakahaere tukanga mamati
Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka waiho te hangarau taiaho hei tūāpapa tukanga tino maha ngā whakamahinga, ā, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake, mai i ngā pūtau silicon tioata tuku iho ki ngā hoahoa tandem o te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei.

Ngā Whakamahinga Matua o te Reera puta noa i ngā Hangarau Pūtau Matua
1. Ngā Pūtau PERC: He Tauira Tukatuka Reihana Pakeke
E hono tata ana te angitu ā-ahumahi o te hangarau PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) ki te tukatuka taiaho nui. Ka whakamahia te tango taiaho hei whakatuwhera i te paparanga whakakorenga waikura konumohe i te taha o muri, hei hanga i ngā hononga ā-rohe o te mata o muri me te pupuri tonu i te mahi whakakorenga.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te tāpiritanga o ngā kaiwhakaputa whiriwhiri taiaho (SE) ka taea te tāpiritanga taumaha ā-rohe i raro i ngā hononga taha-mua, ka whakaiti i te ātete hononga, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te pūtau mā te 0.3%. Nā te pakari me te pumau o ēnei tukanga taiaho i tautoko te hanga papatipu mō te wā roa me te mana mākete o ngā pūtau PERC.

2. Ngā Pūtau TOPCon: Te Whakakotahitanga Boron Taiaho hei Tukanga Ahuwhenua
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūtau TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) ngā anga silicon momo-N, e tuku ana i ngā painga ā-roto i te whiriwhiringa kawe me te mahi hiko. Heoi, he wero kei roto i te tohatoha boron e ahu mai ana i te oumu pāmahana teitei tikanga, tae atu ki te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao, te puhoi o te tuku, me te pikinga o te mōrearea ki te pumau o te waikura o te kauhanga.
Mā te tāpiritanga boron taiaho ka taea te whakamahana ā-rohe, tino tere, ka taea ai e ngā ngota boron te horapa motuhake ki ngā rohe kua tohua me te kore e whakaatu i te wafer katoa ki ngā pāmahana teitei. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei huarahi te ātete whakapā me te pupuri tonu i te kounga o te kore e pāngia, ā, e kiia whānuitia ana he tukanga nui hei pana i ngā hua o te TOPCon ki tua atu i te 26%.

3. Ngā Pūtau HJT: Te Whakamahana i te Reera hei Whakapai Atanga
E whakawhirinaki ana ngā pūtau HJT (Heterojunction) ki ngā paparanga silicon amorphous mō te pai o te kore e taea te whakamahi i te mata. Heoi anō, ko ngā hapa atanga pēnei i ngā hononga e iri ana ka arahi tonu ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā kaikawe.
Ka whakamahia e te whakamahana i puta mai i te taiaho (LIA) te whakamahana taiaho whakahaere hei whakahohe i te hekenga hauwai i te atanga silicon amorphous/crystalline, hei whakatika i ngā hapa kei roto. Kua whakaatuhia e tēnei tukanga te whakapai ake i te ngaohiko ara iahiko tuwhera (Voc) me te tauwehe whakakī (FF), ka waiho hei tikanga whai hua mō te arotau i te whai huatanga o te HJT.

4. Ngā Pūtau Perovskite me ngā Pūtau Tandem: Te Tuhituhi Taiaho mō te Whakaurunga Tauine
I roto i ngā pūtau takirua perovskite me te perovskite/silicon, ehara i te mea he taputapu hanga noa te tukatuka taiaho engari he whakahohenga hanganga anō hoki. Ko ngā mahi tuhi taiaho P1, P2, me te P3 paerewa e tautuhi ana i te wehewehenga hiko, te wehenga pūtau-iti, me te hononga raupapa.
I te mea he pakarukaru te āhua me te pumau wera rerekē o ngā paparanga mahi, he mea nui te tukatuka taiaho—me ōna āhuatanga kore-pa me te tino tika—kia eke ai ki te whai huatanga me te ōritetanga teitei i roto i ngā taputapu horahanga-rahi. Nō reira, ko te tuhi taiaho tētahi o ngā tukanga matua mō te ahumahi pūtau takirua.

Ngā Tukanga Taiaho Whānui mō te Whakaiti Utu me te Whakapai Ake i te Hua
Haunga ngā tono motuhake ki te pūtau, ka tautokohia hoki e te hangarau taiaho ētahi mahi hanga maha-pūhara:
* Whakawhiti raina mata-reera: Ka taea ai te whakamahi i ngā irahiko pai ake me te whakapai ake i te ōritetanga ki te tānga mata, ka whakaiti nui i te whakamahinga o te whakapiri hiriwa, inā koa i roto i ngā tukanga pāmahana iti pēnei i te HJT.
* Te tapahi taiaho kore-kino: Ka taea te tukatuka tika i te haurua-pūtau me te maha-tapahanga me te whakaiti i te mōrearea moroiti-kapiti, ka whakapai ake i te putanga mana o te kōwae.
* Te wehewehe me te whakakorenga o te taha taiaho: Ka whakatika i ngā kino o te taha i muri i te tapahi, ka whakaiti i ngā ngaronga whakakotahitanga, ka whai wāhi atu ki ngā pikinga whai hua taumata-mōhiohio.
He mea nui ēnei tukanga taiaho whānui ki te whakaiti i te utu mō ia watt me te whakapai ake i te hua hanga whānui.

Te Whakahaere Wera : Te Pūtake o te Tukatuka Reera Pūmau
I te neke haere o te hanga PV ki te whakaputanga nui ake me te mahi tonu mō te wā roa, ka piki haere te pumau o te tukanga laser ki te whakahaere wera tika. Ahakoa ngā piki me ngā heke iti o te putanga laser ka pā tika ki te ātete pa, te kiato hapa, te rite rānei o te whānui o te raina.
I roto i ngā taiao whakaputa, ka whakahaerehia ngā pūtake taiaho me ngā wāhanga whatu i raro i ngā kawenga wera pumau. Nō reira, he mea nui ngā pūnaha whakamatao me te whakahaere pāmahana pono hei pupuri i te pumau o te kaha taiaho, hei whakaiti i te hekenga o te mana, me te whakarite kia taea te tukurua i ngā hua tukatuka. Ko te whakahaere wera whai hua o ngā pūtake taiaho, ngā kōwae hiko, me ngā huihuinga whatu ka whai wāhi tika ki te hua teitei ake me te pakari o te tukanga, inā koa mō ngā pūtau TOPCon, HJT, me ngā pūtau takirua he whaiti ake ngā tawhē tukanga.
Ko ngā otinga whakahaere pāmahana ahumahi i whakawhanakehia mō ngā tono taiaho mana-tiketike kei te whanake tonu ki te pumau ake, te urupare tere ake, me te pono o te mahi mō te wā roa, e whakarato ana i te turanga pakari mō te hanga PV matatau.

Whakamutunga
Mai i te hokohoko nui o ngā pūtau PERC ki te tere o te whakamahi i ngā hangarau TOPCon me HJT, tae atu ki te tūhuratanga o ngā hoahoa takirua, ka haere tonu te hangarau taiaho i roto i ngā mahi tino nui o te hanga pūtau photovoltaic. Ahakoa kāore e tautuhia te rohe whai huatanga ariā, ka tino whakatau mēnā ka taea te whakaputa i taua whai huatanga i runga i te pumau, i te whakahaere, me te tauine.
I te ahu whakamua o te umanga PV ki te whai huatanga me te pono o te hanga, ka noho tonu te tukatuka taiaho, me te tautoko taumata-pūnaha e whakarite ana i tōna pumau, hei kaiārahi matua mō te ahunga whakamua hangarau me te whakapai ake i ngā ahumahi.