Indima Ebalulekileyo Yobuchwepheshe BeLaser Ekwenziweni KweeSeli Ze-Photovoltaic

Njengoko ishishini le-photovoltaic (PV) liqhubeka nokulandela ukusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqula kunye neendleko zokuvelisa eziphantsi, iteknoloji yenkqubo ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweeseli kunye nokukhula kwazo. Ukusuka kwi-PERC ukuya kwi-TOPCon kunye ne-HJT, kwaye ngakumbi ukuya kwiiseli ze-perovskite kunye neeseli zelanga ezihlangeneyo, uyilo lweeseli luya lusiba nzima ngakumbi ngelixa iifestile zenkqubo zisiba ncinci. Ngaphakathi kolu tshintsho, iteknoloji yelaser itshintshe ukusuka kwisixhobo esixhasayo ukuya kubuchule bokuvelisa obuphambili obuxhasa izizukulwana ezininzi zeeseli ze-PV ezisebenzayo kakhulu.

Kwimigca yemveliso ye-PERC, i-laser ablation ivumela i-micron-level patterning yee-passivation layers ukuba zenze oonxibelelwano bendawo abazinzileyo. Kwimveliso ye-TOPCon, i-laser boron doping ithathwa ngokubanzi njengendlela ephambili yokusebenza kakuhle kweeseli edlula i-26%. Kwiiseli ze-perovskite ezikhulayo kunye nee-tandem, i-laser scribing imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba imveliso enkulu, ehambelanayo kakhulu iyafezekiswa na. Ngenxa yendalo yayo yokungaqhagamshelani, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nendawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu, iteknoloji ye-laser ibe yinto efunekayo ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso kulo lonke ishishini le-PV.

Itekhnoloji yeLaser njengeSiseko esiQhelekileyo soMveliso wePV oPhambili

Njengoko ubuchwepheshe beeseli buqhubela phambili, abavelisi bajongene nemingeni emininzi efanayo: iimpawu zesakhiwo ezicokisekileyo, izixhobo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuvelisa. Ukucubungula nge-laser kujongana nale mingeni ngokudibanisa amandla akhethekileyo:
* Ukucubungula okungadibaniyo, ukuphepha uxinzelelo loomatshini kunye nokuqhekeka okuncinci
* Ulawulo lwendawo olukwinqanaba le-micron, olufanele izakhiwo zeeseli ezincinci nezintsonkothileyo
* Ukufakwa kwamandla okufutshane kakhulu, okunciphisa umonakalo wobushushu
* Ukuhambelana okuphezulu kunye nokuzenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yedijithali
Ezi mpawu zenza itekhnoloji yelaser ibe yiplatfomu yenkqubo eguquguqukayo kakhulu nephucukayo, esebenza kwiiseli ze-silicon ze-crystalline eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwizakhiwo ze-tandem zesizukulwana esilandelayo.

Izicelo zeLaser eziphambili kwiiTekhnoloji zeSeli eziPhambili
1. Iiseli zePERC: Imodeli yokuCwangcisa iLaser evuthiweyo
Impumelelo yeshishini yetekhnoloji yePERC (Passivated Emitter kunye neRear Cell) inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokucutshungulwa kwelaser enkulu. I-laser ablation isetyenziselwa ukuvula ngokukhetha umaleko we-aluminium oxide passivation kwicala elingasemva, okwenza unxibelelwano lwangasemva lwendawo ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza kwe-passivation.
Ukongeza, i-laser selective emitter (SE) doping ivumela i-local heavy doping phantsi kwee-contacts zangaphambili, inciphisa ukumelana nee-contact kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kweeseli malunga ne-0.3%. Ukuvuthwa kunye nokuzinza kwezi nkqubo ze-laser kuxhase ukuveliswa kobuninzi bexesha elide kunye nolawulo lwemarike lwee-PERC cells.

2. Iiseli ze-TOPCon: I-Laser Boron Doping njengeNkqubo yoPhuculo
Iiseli ze-TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) zisebenzisa ii-wafers ze-silicon zohlobo lwe-N, ezibonelela ngeengenelo ezisisiseko ekukhetheni umthwali kunye nokusebenza kombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka kwe-boron okuqhelekileyo okusekwe kwi-furnace ephezulu kunika imingeni, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukukhupha kancinci, kunye nomngcipheko owandisiweyo kwi-tunnel oxide ingqibelelo.
I-laser boron doping yenza kube lula ukufudumeza okukhawulezileyo, okuvumela ii-athomu ze-boron ukuba zisasazeke kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ngaphandle kokubeka yonke i-wafer kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuxinana ngelixa igcina umgangatho wokungashukumi kwaye ithathwa njengenkqubo ebalulekileyo yokunyusa ukusebenza kwe-TOPCon ngaphaya kwama-26%.

3. Iiseli ze-HJT: Ukutsalwa kweLaser okubangelwa yi-Interface Optimization
Iiseli ze-HJT (Heterojunction) zixhomekeke kwiileya ze-silicon ezingafaniyo ukuze zikwazi ukuhambisa umphezulu ngendlela egqwesileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphene ze-interface ezifana neebhondi ezixhonyiweyo zisenokukhokelela ekuhlanganisweni kwakhona kwe-carrier.
I-Laser-induced annealing (LIA) isebenzisa i-laser irradiation elawulwayo ukuze isebenze ukufuduka kwe-hydrogen kwi-amorphous/crystalline silicon interface, ilungisa iziphene kwindawo. Le nkqubo ibonakalisiwe ukuba iphucula i-open-circuit voltage (Voc) kunye ne-fill factor (FF), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindlela esebenzayo yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-HJT.

4. Iiseli zePerovskite kunye neeTandem: Ukubhala ngeLaser ukuze kuhlanganiswe iScalable Integration
Kwiiseli ze-perovskite kunye ne-perovskite/silicon tandem, ukucubungula nge-laser akusiyo nje isixhobo sokwenza kodwa kukwayindlela yokunika amandla ulwakhiwo. Amanyathelo aqhelekileyo okubhala nge-laser e-P1, P2, kunye ne-P3 achaza ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-electrode, ukwahlulwa kweeseli ezincinci, kunye nokudibana kochungechunge.
Ngenxa yobuthathaka kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obahlukeneyo kweeleya ezisebenzayo, ukucutshungulwa kwelaser—ngeempawu zayo zokungadibani kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu—kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokufana kwizixhobo ezikwindawo enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukubhala ngelaser kuthathwa njengenye yeenkqubo eziphambili zophuhliso lweeseli ze-tandem.

Iinkqubo zeLaser zeenjongo eziBanzi zokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula isivuno
Ngaphandle kwezicelo ezithile zeeseli, itekhnoloji yelaser ikwaxhasa amanyathelo amaninzi okuvelisa amaqonga ahlukeneyo:
* Ukudluliselwa komgca wegridi osekelwe kwiLaser: Ivumela ii-electrode ezincinci kunye nokuhambelana okuphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa nokuprintwa kwesikrini, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwepeyinti yesilivere, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zobushushu obuphantsi ezifana ne-HJT.
* Ukusikwa kwe-laser okungenamonakalo: Ivumela ukucutshungulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-half-cell kunye ne-multi-cut kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokuqhekeka, okuphucula umbane wemodyuli.
* Ukwahlulwa komphetho welaser kunye nokungashukumi: Kulungisa umonakalo womphetho emva kokusikwa, kunciphisa ilahleko zokuphinda kuhlanganiswe kwaye kunegalelo ekuzuzeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwinqanaba lemodyuli.
Ezi nkqubo ze-laser zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iindleko nge-watt nganye ngelixa ziphucula isivuno sokuvelisa ngokubanzi.

Ulawulo lobushushu : Isiseko soCwangciso lweLaser oluZinzileyo
Njengoko ukwenziwa kwe-PV kuhambela phambili ekuphumeni okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo ixesha elide, uzinzo lwenkqubo yelaser luxhomekeka ngakumbi kulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu. Nokuba kukutshintshatshintsha okuncinci kwimveliso yelaser kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukumelana nokuxinana, uxinano lweziphene, okanye ukuhambelana kobubanzi bomgca.
Kwiindawo zemveliso, imithombo yelaser kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo yobushushu eqhubekayo. Iinkqubo zokulawula ukupholisa nobushushu ezithembekileyo ke ngoko zibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwamandla elaser, ukunciphisa ukushukuma kwamandla, kunye nokuqinisekisa iziphumo zokucubungula eziphindaphindwayo. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lobushushu lwemithombo yelaser, iimodyuli zamandla, kunye neendibano ezibonakalayo zinegalelo ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ephezulu kunye nokuqina kwenkqubo, ngakumbi kwi-TOPCon, HJT, kunye neeseli ze-tandem ezinemida yenkqubo emincinci.
Izisombululo zolawulo lobushushu kwimizi-mveliso ezenzelwe usetyenziso lwe-laser enamandla aphezulu ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka ziye kuzinzo olukhulu, impendulo ekhawulezayo, kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwexesha elide, zibonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sokwenziwa kwe-PV okuphucukileyo.

Isiphelo
Ukususela ekuthengisweni okukhulu kweeseli zePERC ukuya ekwamkelweni ngokukhawuleza kweetekhnoloji zeTOPCon kunye neHJT, ukuya phambili ukuya ekuphononongweni kwezakhiwo ze-tandem, itekhnoloji yelaser ihlala idlula kumanyathelo abalulekileyo okwenziwa kweeseli ze-photovoltaic. Nangona ingachazi umda wokusebenza kakuhle kwethiyori, imisela ngamandla ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuveliswa ngokuqhubekayo, ngokulawulwayo, nangomlinganiselo.
Njengoko ishishini le-PV lisiya phambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekuthembekeni okukhulu kwemveliso, ukucutshungulwa kwelaser, kunye nenkxaso yenqanaba lenkqubo eqinisekisa uzinzo lwayo, kuya kuhlala kuyimbangela ephambili yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso.