03-19
Kev siv tshuab kho qhov muag uas muaj qhov tseeb heev ua rau muaj qhov tseeb ntawm sub-micron mus rau nanometer hauv kev tsim khoom siab, thiab kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm qhov kev ua tau zoo no. Cov tshuab txias ua kom raug muab qhov ruaj khov thermal uas xav tau rau kev siv tshuab, kev txhuam, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj xyuas kom ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ruaj khov.