Los ntawm: www.industrial-lasers.com
Kev xa tawm laser thiab kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv txuas ntxiv mus loj hlob
Koray Eken
Kev lag luam muaj ntau yam, nyob ze rau Tebchaws Europe, Middle East, thiab Central Asia, kev koom ua ke nrog cov lag luam txawv teb chaws, lub hauv paus ntawm kev koom nrog EU, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam zoo, thiab kev hloov kho qauv yog cov tsav tsheb ntawm Turkey lub zeem muag mus sij hawm ntev. Txij li thaum muaj teeb meem xyoo 2001, lub teb chaws tau muaj ib qho ntawm kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb nrog kev nthuav dav kev lag luam rau 27 lub hlis sib law liag ntawm xyoo 2002 thiab 2008 vim muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev tsim khoom, ua lub teb chaws thib 17 loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Kev lag luam tshuab, tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, tau yog lub zog tsav tsheb tom qab Turkey txoj kev lag luam, nrog kev loj hlob sai raws li cov khoom muaj nqis ntxiv thiab kev pab txhawb rau lwm cov sectors. Vim li no, kev lag luam tshuab tau ua tiav ntau dua li lwm ceg ntawm kev lag luam tsim khoom, thiab tus lej ntawm kev xa khoom tau ib txwm siab dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xa khoom rau Turkish kev lag luam tag nrho. Hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuab tsim tawm, Turkey qeb thib rau hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Txij li xyoo 1990 los, kev lag luam tshuab hauv tebchaws Turkey tau loj hlob sai heev, yuav luag 20% txhua xyoo. Kev tsim khoom siv tshuab tau pib siv ib feem ntawm kev xa khoom mus rau lub tebchaws thiab, xyoo 2011, tau tshaj $ 11.5 billion (8.57%) ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm ($ 134.9 billion), uas yog kev nce 22.8% piv rau xyoo dhau los.
Rau lub teb chaws hnub tseem ceeb 100 xyoo hauv xyoo 2023, kev lag luam tshuab tau muab lub hom phiaj xa khoom loj kom ncav cuag US $ 100 billion ntawm kev xa khoom nrog rau feem ntawm 2.3% ntawm kev ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Kev lag luam tshuab Turkish tau kwv yees tias yuav muaj tus nqi loj hlob txhua xyoo (CAGR) ntawm 17.8% los ntawm xyoo 2023, thaum qhov feem ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm Turkey yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 18%.
Cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab
Kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Turkey yog txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib tw thiab hloov pauv tau yooj yim ntawm cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab (SMEs), uas yog feem ntau ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam. Cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab hauv tebchaws Turkey muab cov neeg ua haujlwm hluas, muaj zog, thiab tau kawm zoo ua ke nrog tus cwj pwm ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau nyiaj txiag ntawm cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab, muaj qee qhov kev txhawb siab tau muab, suav nrog kev zam se ntawm kev lis kev cai, kev zam VAT rau cov tshuab thiab khoom siv uas xa tuaj thiab yuav hauv tebchaws, kev faib nyiaj qiv los ntawm cov peev nyiaj, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev lees paub credit. Ib yam li ntawd, Lub Koom Haum Tsim Kho Kev Lag Luam Me thiab Nruab Nrab (KOSGEB) ua cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab los ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej txhawb nqa hauv kev nyiaj txiag, R&D, cov chaw sib koom ua ke, kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam, cov chaw nqis peev, kev lag luam, kev xa tawm, thiab kev cob qhia. Xyoo 2011, KOSGEB siv $ 208.3 lab rau kev txhawb nqa no.
Vim yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab hauv tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm kev lag luam uas muaj cov thev naus laus zis siab, cov nuj nqis R&D tau pib nce ntxiv tsis ntev los no. Xyoo 2010, cov nuj nqis R&D tag nrho yog $ 6.5 billion, uas yog 0.84% ntawm GDP. Txhawm rau kom nce thiab txhawb nqa cov haujlwm R&D, cov koom haum tsoomfwv muab ntau yam kev txhawb siab rau R&D.
Industrial Laser Solutions tau saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av Es Xias Sab Hnub Poob, thiab tshwj xeeb yog Qaib Cov Txwv, ua ib lub lag luam laser tseem ceeb zuj zus. Piv txwv li, IPG Photonics tau qhib lub chaw ua haujlwm tshiab hauv Istanbul, Qaib Cov Txwv, los muab kev txhawb nqa hauv zos thiab kev pabcuam rau lub tuam txhab fiber lasers hauv Qaib Cov Txwv thiab cov tebchaws nyob ze. Qhov no qhia txog IPG txoj kev cog lus rau thaj av, uas yuav ua rau lub tuam txhab muab kev txhawb nqa sai thiab ncaj qha rau ntau lub tuam txhab txiav laser OEMs hauv Qaib Cov Txwv uas siv lawv cov fiber lasers ua haujlwm siab.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev ua laser hauv tebchaws Turkey
Keeb kwm ntawm kev ua laser hauv tebchaws Turkey pib nrog kev siv txiav hauv xyoo 1990, thaum cov tshuab txiav txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv hauv Tebchaws Europe, tau teeb tsa hauv cov tuam txhab kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev tiv thaiv. Niaj hnub no, cov lasers rau kev txiav tseem muaj ntau. Txog xyoo 2010, CO2 lasers tau tswj hwm ua cov cuab yeej kilowatt-level rau kev txiav 2D ntawm ob qho tib si nyias thiab tuab hlau. Tom qab ntawd, fiber lasers tau los ua kom muaj zog.
Trumpf thiab Rofin-Sinar yog cov chaw muag khoom loj tshaj plaws rau CO2 lasers, thaum IPG yog cov tseem ceeb rau fiber lasers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev cim thiab kilowatt lasers. Lwm cov chaw muag khoom loj xws li SPI Lasers thiab Rofin-Sinar kuj muab cov khoom fiber laser.
Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab uas koom ua ke cov tshuab laser los ntawm kev siv cov subsystems saum toj no. Ib txhia ntawm lawv kuj xa tawm cov khoom uas lawv koom ua ke rau Tebchaws Meskas, Is Nrias teb, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Russia, thiab Brazil. Durmazlar (Bursa, Qaib ntxhw - http//tr.durmazlar.com.tr), Ermaksan (Bursa - www.ermaksan.com.tr), Nukon (Bursa - www.nukon.com.tr), Servenom (Kayseri - www.servonom.com.tr), Coskunöz (Bursa - www.coskunoz.com.tr), thiab Ajan (Izmir - www.ajamcnc.com) muaj feem ntau ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm Turkish laser, nrog Durmazlar yog lub tshuab txiav laser loj tshaj plaws hauv Qaib ntxhw. Durmazlar, pib nrog CO2 laser txiav tshuab, tau tsim kilowatt fiber laser txiav tshuab rau ob peb xyoos dhau los. Lub tuam txhab no tam sim no tsim ntau dua 40 lub tshuab txiav ib hlis, 10 ntawm cov uas tam sim no yog kilowatt fiber laser units. Niaj hnub no muaj 50,000 lub tshuab Durma pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm zoo rau ntau yam lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
Ermaksan yog lwm lub tuam txhab ua tshuab ua lag luam, tsim ntau dua 3000 lub tshuab txhua xyoo, feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog CO2 lasers. Tam sim no lawv muab cov tshuab fiber laser kilowatt thiab.
Nukon tau siv cov fiber lasers thiab xa tawm thawj zaug ntawm plaub lub tshuab tsim tawm. Lub tuam txhab yuav ua qhov kev nqis peev € 3 lab los txo cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tam sim no los ntawm 60 hnub mus rau 15 hnub.
Servenom tau tsim muaj xyoo 2007 thiab pib nws lub neej tsim khoom nrog CNC laser txiav thiab cim thiab CNC plasma hlau ua tshuab tsim khoom. Nws lub hom phiaj yog ib qho ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb hauv nws lub sector. Nrog nws cov nyiaj tau los € 200 lab, Coskunöz tau pib ua haujlwm sib npaug rau kev lag luam tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Turkey xyoo 1950 thiab tam sim no yog ib pawg neeg ua lag luam tseem ceeb. Ajan tau tsim muaj xyoo 1973, thiab nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los no tau tsom mus rau kev txiav thiab tsim cov ntawv hlau.
Xyoo 2005, Qaib ntxhw cov khoom xa tawm laser tag nrho yog $ 480,000 (23 lasers), thaum cov khoom xa tawm laser yog $ 45.2 lab (740 lasers). Cov nqi no maj mam nce txhua xyoo tshwj tsis yog xyoo 2009, thaum cov teebmeem ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb poob qis, thiab cov nqi xa tawm tau poob qis mus rau $ 46.9 lab los ntawm $ 81.6 lab hauv xyoo 2008. Cov nqi tau rov qab tau yuav luag tag nrho lawv cov kev poob thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2010.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi xa khoom tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev lag luam poob qis, nce ntxiv los ntawm $ 7.6 lab mus rau $ 17.7 lab xyoo ntawd. Xyoo 2011, tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm laser ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv yog kwv yees li $ 27.8 lab (126 lasers). Thaum piv rau cov lej xa tawm, cov khoom xa tawm laser tau siab dua nrog tag nrho $ 104.3 lab (1,630 lasers). Txawm li cas los xij, nws ntseeg tias cov lej xa tawm thiab xa tawm siab dua nrog cov lasers uas xa tawm lossis xa tawm ua ib feem ntawm cov kab ke nrog ntau yam, txawm tias qee zaum tsis raug, HS Codes (tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom lag luam).
Cov lag luam tseem ceeb
Qaib ntxhw tau ua cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv teb chaws thaum 20 xyoo dhau los. Ua ib lub teb chaws uas vam khom txawv teb chaws yav dhau los, niaj hnub no Qaib ntxhw tsim thiab tsim nws cov khoom lag luam hauv zos los ntawm cov cib fim hauv tebchaws. Hauv txoj kev npaj tswv yim rau xyoo 2012-2016, uas tau nthuav tawm los ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj rau Kev Lag Luam Tiv Thaiv Teb Chaws, lub hom phiaj yog kom ncav cuag $ US2 billion rau kev xa tawm kev tiv thaiv teb chaws. Yog li, muaj kev thov kom cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv teb chaws koom nrog cov thev naus laus zis laser hauv kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim khoom.
Raws li Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Lag Luam Turkish uas suav nrog lub sijhawm ntawm xyoo 2011 thiab 2014, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws tau txiav txim siab tias yog "kev nce qib kev sib tw thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev lag luam Turkish thiab ua kom sai rau kev hloov pauv mus rau cov qauv kev lag luam uas muaj feem ntau hauv kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, qhov twg feem ntau yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis siab, nrog rau tus nqi ntxiv siab, raug tsim tawm, uas muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj kev nkag siab rau ib puag ncig thiab lub zej zog." Txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, "kev nce qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis nruab nrab thiab siab hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev xa khoom" yog ib qho ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas tau piav qhia. Lub zog, zaub mov, tsheb, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, "laser thiab optical systems," thiab cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom siv tshuab tau txhais tias yog cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj no.
Pawg Sab Laj Siab Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Siv Tshuab (SCST) yog lub koom haum tsim txoj cai Science-Technology-Innovation (STI) qib siab tshaj plaws uas muaj tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ua tus thawj coj, uas muaj lub hwj chim txiav txim siab rau txoj cai STI hauv tebchaws. Ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Zaum 23 ntawm SCST hauv xyoo 2011, nws tau hais tias cov lag luam muaj nqis ntxiv uas txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev lag luam, muab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab nce kev sib tw, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv, yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog cov lag luam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev sib tw thiab muab kev txhim kho ruaj khov ntawm Turkey. Lub lag luam kho qhov muag yog pom tias yog ib qho ntawm cov lag luam muaj zog no.
Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam laser tau zoo dua sai sai los ntawm kev txaus siab rau fiber lasers rau kev txiav thiab kev lag luam tiv thaiv, Qaib ntxhw tsis muaj laser tsim, imports tag nrho cov laser modules los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Txawm tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev lag luam tiv thaiv, qhov kev xa khoom ntawm lasers yog kwv yees li $ 100 lab. Yog li, optic thiab laser technology tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib qho chaw tseem ceeb uas yuav txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv. Piv txwv li, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv, FiberLAST (Ankara - www.fiberlast.com.tr) tau tsim muaj xyoo 2007 ua thawj lub tuam txhab kev lag luam koom nrog R & D kev ua ub no hauv thaj chaw fiber laser. Lub tuam txhab tsim, tsim kho, thiab tsim cov fiber lasers hauv Qaib ntxhw (saib sidebar "Turkey fiber laser pioneer").
Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm no pom tau, Qaib ntxhw tau dhau los ua lub khw muaj zog rau cov tshuab laser kev lag luam, thiab lub tebchaws kuj tau tsim cov chaw muab khoom siv uas nthuav dav uas tab tom ua rau muaj kev vam meej hauv ntau lub khw thoob ntiaj teb. Kev ua haujlwm laser hauv tsev pib tau pib, uas yuav pib muab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg koom ua ke. ✺
Tus thawj coj ntawm fiber laser hauv tebchaws Turkey
FiberLAST (Ankara), yog thawj lub tuam txhab lag luam uas koom nrog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho laser fiber hauv tebchaws Turkey. Nws tau tsim tsa xyoo 2007 los tsim, tsim kho, thiab tsim cov laser fiber hauv tebchaws Turkey. Txhawb nqa los ntawm ib pawg neeg koom tes hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, FiberLAST pab pawg R&D tau tsim nws tus kheej cov laser fiber. Lub tuam txhab tsim thiab tsim cov laser fiber nrog kev koom tes ntawm Bilkent University thiab Middle East Technical University (METU). Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, lub tuam txhab kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuab laser fiber rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev siv rau kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. FiberLAST tau txais nyiaj txiag ntau los ntawm tsoomfwv R&D txog niaj hnub no, tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus tshawb fawb nrog KOSGEB (lub koom haum tsoomfwv rau kev txhawb nqa cov neeg ua lag luam me thiab nruab nrab) thiab TUBITAK (Pawg Sab Laj Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Siv Tshuab ntawm Turkey). FiberLAST muaj peev xwm ua raws li kev txhim kho kev kawm thiab siv rau nws cov khoom thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem no, nws cov thev naus laus zis laser fiber tsim tau twb muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau kev siv cim.
