Ntawm: www.industrial-lasers.com
Laser xa tawm thiab tsoomfwv kev txhawb nqa txuas ntxiv mus
Koray Eken
Kev lag luam muaj ntau haiv neeg, nyob sib ze rau Tebchaws Europe, Middle East, thiab Central Asia, kev koom ua ke nrog kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, kev thauj mus los sab nraud ntawm EU, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, thiab kev hloov kho cov qauv yog tus tsav tsheb ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv lub sijhawm ntev. Txij li thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm 2001, lub teb chaws tau muaj ib qho kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam rau 27 lub quarter sib law liag ntawm xyoo 2002 thiab 2008 vim kev nce hauv kev tsim khoom, dhau los ua 17th kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Kev lag luam tshuab, tseem ceeb heev rau kev lag luam ntawm txhua lub teb chaws, tau ua lub zog tsav tom qab Turkey cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, nrog kev loj hlob sai raws li cov khoom muaj nqis ntxiv thiab kev koom tes rau lwm cov haujlwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, kev lag luam tshuab tau ua tiav zoo dua li lwm cov ceg ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom xa tawm tas li tau nce siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev xa tawm rau Turkish kev lag luam tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov machinery tsim, Qaib ntxhw nyob rau hauv thib rau nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe.
Kev lag luam tshuab hauv Qaib Cov Txwv tau loj hlob ntawm tus nqi ze li ntawm 20% hauv ib xyoos txij li xyoo 1990. Machinery ntau lawm pib coj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws exports thiab, nyob rau hauv 2011, tshaj $ 11.5 billion (8.57%) ntawm tag nrho cov exports ($ 134.9). billion), uas yog nce ntawm 22.8% xyoo dhau los.
Rau lub teb chaws lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv 2023, lub machinery kev lag luam tau muab lub ambition export lub hom phiaj mus txog US $ 100 billion ntawm exports nrog ib feem ntawm 2.3% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam. Kev lag luam tshuab tshuab Turkish tau kwv yees kom muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke txhua xyoo kev loj hlob (CAGR) ntawm 17.8% los ntawm 2023, thaum lub lag luam feem ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv cov khoom xa tawm yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 18%.
SMEs
Kev loj hlob ntawm Turkish machinery sector yog txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib tw thiab hloov tau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab (SMEs), uas tsim cov khoom lag luam ntau. Turkish SMEs muab cov tub ntxhais hluas, muaj zog, thiab muaj kev cob qhia ua haujlwm zoo nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau nyiaj txiag ntawm SMEs, muaj qee qhov kev txhawb siab uas tau tso cai, suav nrog kev zam ntawm kev lis kev cai, kev zam VAT rau cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv hauv tsev, kev faib nyiaj los ntawm cov peev nyiaj, thiab kev txhawb nqa credit. Ib yam li ntawd, Lub Koom Haum Me Me thiab Nruab Nrab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam (KOSGEB) ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa SMEs los ntawm ntau yam cuab yeej txhawb nqa hauv kev nyiaj txiag, R&D, tej chaw, kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam, chaw peev, kev lag luam, kev xa tawm, thiab kev cob qhia. Hauv 2011, KOSGEB tau siv $ 208.3 lab rau qhov kev txhawb nqa no.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nce hauv kev sib koom ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm hauv tag nrho cov khoom lag luam xa tawm uas muaj cov thev naus laus zis siab, R&D cov kev siv nyiaj tsis ntev los no tau pib nce. Xyoo 2010, R&D kev siv nyiaj tag nrho yog $ 6.5 nphom, uas yog 0.84% ntawm GDP. Txhawm rau nce thiab txhawb R&D cov dej num, tsoom fwv cov koom haum muab ntau yam kev txhawb siab rau R&D.
Industrial Laser Solutions tau taug qab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av Esxias sab hnub poob, thiab tshwj xeeb hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, raws li kev lag luam laser tseem ceeb. Ua piv txwv, IPG Photonics tau qhib lub chaw ua haujlwm tshiab hauv Istanbul, Qaib Cov Txwv, los muab kev txhawb nqa hauv zos thiab kev pabcuam rau lub tuam txhab fiber ntau lasers hauv Turkey thiab cov tebchaws nyob ze. Qhov no qhia tau tias IPG kev cog lus rau thaj av ntawd, uas yuav ua rau lub tuam txhab muab kev txhawb nqa sai thiab ncaj qha rau ntau lub laser txiav OEMs hauv Turkey uas siv lawv cov fiber ntau lasers.
Keeb kwm ntawm laser ua nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv
Keeb kwm ntawm laser ua nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv pib nrog txiav daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub 1990s, thaum imported txiav machine, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom los ntawm European tshuab manufacturers, tau ntsia nyob rau hauv tsheb thiab tiv thaiv kev lag luam tuam txhab uas muag. Niaj hnub no, lasers rau txiav yog tseem nrov. Txog xyoo 2010, CO2 lasers dominated li kilowatt-theem cov cuab yeej rau 2D txiav ntawm ob leeg nyias thiab tuab hlau. Tom qab ntawd, fiber ntau lasers tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.
Trumpf thiab Rofin-Sinar yog cov chaw muag khoom rau CO2 lasers, thaum IPG dominates rau fiber ntau lasers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cim thiab kilowatt lasers. Lwm cov chaw muag khoom loj xws li SPI Lasers thiab Rofin-Sinar kuj tseem muab cov khoom siv laser fiber ntau.
Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab uas koom ua ke laser tshuab los ntawm kev siv cov subsystems saum toj no. Qee tus ntawm lawv kuj tseem xa tawm cov khoom lag luam uas lawv koom nrog rau Asmeskas, Is Nrias teb, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Russia, thiab Brazil. Durmazlar (Bursa, Qaib ntxhw– http://tr.durmazlar.com.tr), Ermaksan (Bursa– www.ermaksan.com.tr), Nukon (Bursa– www.nukon.com.tr), Servenom (Kayseri– www.servonom.com.tr), Coskunöz (Bursa– www.coskunoz.com.tr), thiab Ajan (Izmir– www.ajamcnc.com) muaj feem loj ntawm Turkish laser cov nyiaj tau los, nrog Durmazlar yog lub loj tshaj plaws laser txiav tshuab integrator nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Durmazlar, pib nrog CO2 laser txiav tshuab, tau tsim kilowatt fiber ntau laser txiav tshuab rau ntau xyoo dhau los. Lub tuam txhab tam sim no tsim ntau tshaj 40 lub tshuab txiav hauv ib hlis, 10 ntawm uas tam sim no yog kilowatt fiber ntau laser units. Niaj hnub no 50,000 Durma tshuab pab txhawb kev lag luam sib txawv thoob ntiaj teb.
Ermaksan yog lwm lub tuam txhab ua lag luam, tsim ntau tshaj 3000 tshuab txhua xyoo, feem ntau koom nrog CO2 lasers. Lawv tam sim no muab cov tshuab fiber ntau kilowatt laser thiab.
Nukon siv fiber ntau lasers thiab xa tawm thawj ntawm plaub lub tshuab tsim. Lub tuam txhab yuav ua ib€3 lab peev los txo cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tam sim no los ntawm 60 hnub rau 15 hnub.
Servenom tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2007 thiab pib nws lub neej ntau lawm nrog CNC laser txiav thiab kos npe thiab CNC ntshav hlau ua tshuab ntau lawm. Nws yog aiming los ua ib tug ntawm cov nyiam hom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv nws sector. Nrog nws€200 lab turnover, Coskunöz pib ua haujlwm sib npaug rau kev lag luam Turkish tsim hauv xyoo 1950 thiab tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam. Ajan tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv 1973, thiab nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los tau tsom mus rau cov ntawv hlau txiav thiab tsim.
Nyob rau hauv 2005, Qaib ntxhw lub laser exports tag nrho $480,000 (23 lasers), thaum laser imports yog $45.2 lab (740 lasers). Cov nqi no maj mam nce txhua xyoo tshwj tsis yog xyoo 2009, thaum cov teebmeem ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam poob qis, thiab cov nqi ntshuam tau poob mus rau $ 46.9 lab los ntawm $ 81.6 lab hauv 2008. Cov nqi rov qab yuav luag tag nrho lawv cov kev poob thaum kawg ntawm 2010.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi xa tawm tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev poob qis, nce ntawm $ 7.6 lab rau $ 17.7 lab xyoo ntawd. Nyob rau hauv 2011, tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv lub laser exports yog hais txog $ 27.8 lab (126 lasers). Thaum muab piv nrog cov lej xa tawm, laser ntshuam tau siab dua nrog tag nrho ntawm $ 104.3 lab (1,630 lasers). Txawm li cas los xij, nws ntseeg tau tias tus lej ntshuam thiab xa tawm yog siab dua nrog lasers uas ntshuam lossis xa tawm raws li ib feem ntawm cov tshuab nrog sib txawv, txawm tias qee zaum tsis raug, HS Codes (ib qho qauv thoob ntiaj teb coding ntawm cov khoom lag luam).
Kev lag luam tseem ceeb
Qaib ntxhw tau ua cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv hauv 20 xyoo dhau los. Ua ib lub teb chaws nyob txawv teb chaws yav dhau los, niaj hnub no Qaib ntxhw tsim thiab tsim nws cov khoom hauv paus txawm los ntawm lub teb chaws txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim npaj rau 2012–2016, nthuav tawm los ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Lag Luam, lub hom phiaj yog kom ncav cuag $ 2 nphom rau kev tiv thaiv xa tawm. Yog li, muaj kev thov rau cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv kom koom nrog laser thev naus laus zis hauv kev txhim kho thiab tsim khoom.
Raws li Turkish Industrial Strategy Report hais txog lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm 2011 thiab 2014, tag nrho lub hom phiaj ntawm lub teb chaws tau txiav txim siab tias "ua kom muaj kev sib tw thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Turkish kev lag luam thiab nthuav tawm kev hloov pauv mus rau cov qauv kev lag luam uas muaj feem ntau hauv ntiaj teb xa tawm, qhov twg cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb, nrog tus nqi ntxiv, raug tsim, uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm thiab uas tib lub sijhawm yog qhov nkag siab rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg. " Yuav kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, "ua kom qhov hnyav ntawm nruab nrab- thiab high-tech sectors hauv kev tsim khoom thiab xa tawm" yog ib qho ntawm cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas tau txiav txim siab. Lub zog, khoom noj khoom haus, tsheb, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, "laser thiab optical systems," thiab cov tshuab tsim khoom siv tshuab tau txhais tias yog thawj qhov chaw uas yuav tsom mus rau lub hom phiaj no.
Pawg Sab Laj rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab thev naus laus zis (SCST) yog qib siab tshaj plaws Science-Technology-Innovation (STI) txoj cai-ua lub koom haum los ntawm Thawj Kav Tebchaws, uas muaj kev txiav txim siab rau lub tebchaws STI txoj cai. Ntawm 23rd Lub Rooj Sib Tham ntawm SCST xyoo 2011, nws tau hais meej tias cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv uas txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev lag luam, muab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab nce kev sib tw, nrog kev txuas ntxiv R.&D, yuav tsum tau suav tias yog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas ua rau kom muaj kev sib tw thiab muab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Lub optical sector yog saib raws li ib tug ntawm cov haib sectors.
Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej hauv kev lag luam laser tau txhim kho sai heev los ntawm kev txaus siab hauv fiber ntau lasers rau kev lag luam txiav thiab kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, Qaib ntxhw tsis muaj laser ntau lawm, importing tag nrho cov laser modules los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Txawm tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, kev ntshuam ntawm lasers yog kwv yees li $ 100 lab. Yog li ntawd, optic thiab laser technology tau tshaj tawm raws li ib qho kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam uas yuav tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsoomfwv. Piv txwv li, nrog tsoomfwv kev txhawb nqa, FiberLAST (Ankara - www.fiberlast.com.tr) tau tsim muaj xyoo 2007 ua thawj lub tuam txhab lag luam koom nrog R&D kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw fiber ntau laser. Lub tuam txhab tsim, tsim, thiab tsim fiber ntau lasers nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv (saib sidebar "Turkey fiber laser pioneer").
Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom no, Qaib Cov Txwv tau dhau los ua kev lag luam zoo rau kev lag luam laser tshuab, thiab lub teb chaws kuj tau tsim ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg muab khoom lag luam uas tab tom ua rau hauv ntau lub lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho incipient domestic laser kev ua haujlwm tau pib, uas yuav pib muab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.✺
Qaib ntxhw fiber ntau laser pioneer
FiberLAST (Ankara), yog thawj lub tuam txhab muaj kev koom tes hauv fiber ntau laser R&D kev ua si hauv Turkey. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2007 los tsim, tsim, thiab tsim fiber ntau lasers hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg koom tes hauv tsev kawm ntawv, FiberLAST's R&D pab pawg tau tsim nws tus kheej muaj fiber ntau lasers. Lub tuam txhab tsim thiab tsim fiber ntau lasers nrog kev koom tes ntawm Bilkent University thiab Middle East Technical University (METU). Thaum lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam systems, lub tuam txhab kuj tseem yuav tsim fiber ntau laser tshuab rau cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb xav tau thiab kev kawm thiab kev siv scientific. FiberLAST tau nyiam tsoomfwv R&D nyiaj txiag rau hnub tim, tau kos npe rau kev tshawb fawb cog lus nrog KOSGEB (tsoomfwv lub koom haum rau kev txhawb nqa cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab) thiab TUBITAK (Lub Rooj Sib Tham Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv). FiberLAST muaj peev xwm ua raws li kev txhim kho kev kawm thiab siv lawv rau nws cov khoom thiab tsim cov khoom tsim thiab tsim tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Nrog cov txheej txheem no. nws tsim fiber ntau laser tshuab yog twb nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam rau daim ntawv sau npe.
