Mai i: www.industrial-lasers.com
Kei te tipu haere tonu ngā kaweake taiaho me te tautoko a te kāwanatanga
Kōray Eken
Ko te ōhanga kanorau, te tata ki a Ūropi, te Waenganui Rawhiti, me Āhia Waenganui, te whakaurunga ki ngā mākete o tāwāhi, te punga o waho o te urunga atu ki te EU, te whakahaere ōhanga pakari, me te whakahoutanga hanganga koia ngā mea e akiaki ana i ngā tumanakohanga roa mō Turkey. Mai i te raruraru o te tau 2001, kua eke te whenua ki tētahi o ngā mahi tipu angitu rawa atu o te ao me te whānui haere o te ōhanga mō ngā hauwhā karapīpiti e 27 i waenga i te tau 2002 me te 2008 nā te pikinga o te hua, ā, koia te ōhanga 17 nui rawa atu o te ao.
Ko te umanga mīhini, he mea nui ki te ahumahi o ngā whenua katoa, koinei te kaha akiaki i muri i te tukanga ahumahi o Turkey, me te tipu tere i runga i ngā hua uara nui me ngā takoha ki ētahi atu rāngai. Nā tēnei, kua angitu ake te umanga mīhini i ētahi atu peka o te umanga hanga, ā, ko te maha o ngā kaweake kua piki ake i te toharite o ngā kaweake mō ngā umanga Turkish katoa. Mō te uara o ngā mīhini i hangaia, ko Turkey te tuaono i roto i a Ūropi.
Kua tata ki te 20% te tipu o te umanga mīhini i Turkey i ia tau mai i te tau 1990. I tīmata te hanga mīhini ki te tango i tētahi wāhanga nui ake o ngā kaweake o te whenua, ā, i te tau 2011, neke atu i te $11.5 piriona (8.57%) o ngā kaweake katoa ($134.9 piriona), he pikinga tēnei o te 22.8% i te tau i mua.
Mō te huritau 100 o te whenua i te tau 2023, i whakawhiwhia te umanga mīhini ki te whāinga kaweake nui kia eke ki te US$100 piriona o ngā kaweake me te 2.3% o te mākete o te ao. I matapaetia ka eke te umanga mīhini o Turkey ki te tere tipu ā-tau (CAGR) o te 17.8% i te tau 2023, i te wā i matapaetia ai ko te wahanga o te rāngai o ngā kaweake a Turkey kāore e iti iho i te 18%.
Ngā Pakihi me ngā Pakihi iti (SME)
Ko te tipu o te rāngai mīhini o Turkey e tautokona ana e ngā pakihi iti me te rahi-waenga (SME) tino whakataetae me te urutau, koinei te nuinga o te hanga ahumahi. Ka tukuna e ngā SME o Turkey he ope mahi taitamariki, hihiri, me te whakangungu pai me te wairua mahi ngaio. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūtea o ngā SME, kei reira ētahi whakatenatena kua tukuna, tae atu ki te whakakorenga i ngā takoha tikanga, te whakakorenga VAT mō ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu kawemai me te hoko ā-rohe, te tohatoha nama mai i te tahua, me te tautoko taurangi nama. Waihoki, he nui ngā takoha a te Whakahaere Whakawhanake Ahumahi Iti me te Waenga (KOSGEB) ki te whakapakari i ngā SME mā roto i ngā taputapu tautoko maha i roto i te putea, te R&D, ngā whakaurunga noa, te rangahau mākete, ngā pae haumi, te hokohoko, te kaweake, me te whakangungu. I te tau 2011, i whakapau a KOSGEB i te $208.3 miriona ki tēnei tautoko.
Nā te pikinga ake o te wāhi o ngā rāngai mīhini i roto i ngā kaweake ahumahi katoa kei roto ngā hangarau teitei, kua tīmata te pikinga o ngā whakapaunga R&D. I te tau 2010, ko te tapeke o ngā whakapaunga R&D he $6.5 piriona, arā, ko te 0.84% o te GDP. Hei whakanui ake me te whakatenatena i ngā mahi R&D, he maha ngā whakatenatena a ngā umanga kāwanatanga mō te R&D.
Kua whai a Industrial Laser Solutions i te hiranga o te rohe o Āhia ki te Hauāuru, me Turkey tonu, hei mākete laser e piki haere ana te hiranga. Hei tauira, kua whakatuwherahia e IPG Photonics tētahi tari hou i Istanbul, Turkey, hei whakarato tautoko ā-rohe me te ratonga mō ngā laser muka a te kamupene i Turkey me ngā whenua tata. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te whakapau kaha a IPG ki te rohe, e āhei ai te kamupene ki te whakarato tautoko hangarau tere me te tika ki ngā OEM tapahi laser maha i Turkey e whakamahi ana i ā rātou laser muka mahi teitei.
Hītori o te tukatuka laser i Turkey
I tīmata te hītori o te tukatuka taiaho i Turkey i ngā tono tapahi i ngā tau 1990, i te wā i tāutahia ai ngā mīhini tapahi kawemai, inā koa ngā hua mai i ngā kaihanga mīhini Pākehā, ki roto i ngā kamupene ahumahi motuka me te ārai. I ēnei rā, kei te whakamahia tonutia ngā taiaho mō te tapahi. Tae noa ki te tau 2010, ko ngā taiaho CO2 te nuinga hei taputapu taumata-kirowati mō te tapahi 2D o ngā konganuku angiangi me ngā konganuku matotoru. Kātahi ka tino rongonui ngā taiaho muka.
Ko Trumpf me Rofin-Sinar ngā kaiwhakarato matua mō ngā taiaho CO2, ko IPG te nuinga mō ngā taiaho muka, inā koa mō ngā taiaho tohu me ngā taiaho kilowatt. Ko ētahi atu kaiwhakarato nui pērā i a SPI Lasers me Rofin-Sinar e tuku ana hoki i ngā hua taiaho muka.
He maha ngā kamupene e whakauru ana i ngā pūnaha taiaho mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha iti o runga ake nei. Ko ētahi o rātou ka kaweake i ngā hua e whakaurua ana e rātou ki te US, Īnia, Tiamana, Rūhia, me Brazil. Ko Durmazlar (Bursa, Turkey – http//tr.durmazlar.com.tr), Ermaksan (Bursa – www.ermaksan.com.tr), Nukon (Bursa – www.nukon.com.tr), Servenom (Kayseri – www.servonom.com.tr), Coskunöz (Bursa – www.coskunoz.com.tr), me Ajan (Izmir – www.ajamcnc.com) ngā mea nui o ngā moni whiwhi taiaho Turkish, ko Durmazlar te kaiwhakauru mīhini tapahi taiaho nui rawa atu i Turkey. Ko Durmazlar, mai i ngā mīhini tapahi taiaho CO2, kua whakaputa i ngā mīhini tapahi taiaho muka kilowatt mō ngā tau kua hipa. Neke atu i te 40 ngā mīhini tapahi e hangaia ana e tēnei kamupene i ia marama, 10 o ēnei he waeine taiaho muka kilowatt. I tēnei rā, e 50,000 ngā mīhini Durma e whai hua ana ki ngā ahumahi rerekē puta noa i te ao.
Ko Ermaksan tētahi atu kamupene mīhini matua, e whakaputa ana i te neke atu i te 3000 mīhini ia tau, ko te nuinga he mea whakauru ki ngā taiaho CO2. Inaianei kei te tuku atu rātou i ngā mīhini taiaho muka kilowatt.
I whakatinanahia e Nukon ngā mīhini muka reera, ā, i kaweakehia te tuatahi o ngā mīhini e whā i hangaia. Ka haumi te kamupene ki te €3 miriona hei whakaiti i te tukanga whakaputa o nāianei mai i te 60 rā ki te 15 rā.
I whakatūria a Servenom i te tau 2007, ā, i tīmata tana mahi whakaputa me te tapahi me te tohu laser CNC me te hanga mīhini tukatuka konganuku plasma CNC. Ko tana whāinga kia noho ko tētahi o ngā waitohu tino pai o te ao i roto i tana rāngai. Me tana moni whiwhi €200 miriona, i tīmata a Coskunöz i ngā mahi rite ki te umanga hangahanga Turkish i te tau 1950, ā, inaianei ko tētahi o ngā rōpū ahumahi matua. I whakatūria a Ajan i te tau 1973, ā, i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei kua arotahi ia ki te tapahi me te hanga pepa konganuku.
I te tau 2005, ko te tapeke o ngā kaweake rēhia a Turkey he $480,000 (23 rēhia), ko ngā kawemai rēhia he $45.2 miriona (740 rēhia). I piki haere ēnei reiti i ia tau engari i te tau 2009, i te wā i pā mai ai ngā pānga o te paheketanga ōhanga o te ao, ā, i heke ngā reiti kawemai ki te $46.9 miriona mai i te $81.6 miriona i te tau 2008. Nā ngā reiti i whakahoki mai te nuinga o ā rātou mate i te mutunga o te tau 2010.
Ahakoa rā, kāore i pāngia ngā reiti kaweake e te paheketanga ohaoha, mai i te $7.6 miriona ki te $17.7 miriona i taua tau. I te tau 2011, ko te tapeke o ngā kaweake rēhia a Turkey he tata ki te $27.8 miriona (126 rēhia). Ina whakaritea ki ngā tau kaweake, he teitei ake ngā kawemai rēhia me te tapeke o te $104.3 miriona (1,630 rēhia). Heoi anō, e whakaponohia ana he teitei ake ngā tau kawemai me te kaweake me ngā rēhia e kawemai ana, e kaweake ana rānei hei wāhanga o ngā pūnaha me ngā Waehere HS rerekē, tae noa ki ētahi wā he, (he paerewa waehere ā-ao mō ngā hua hokohoko).
Ngā ahumahi nui
Kua neke whakamua a Turkey i roto i te umanga ārai i ngā tau 20 kua pahure ake nei. I te mea he whenua whakawhirinaki ki tāwāhi i mua, i ēnei rā ka whakawhanakehia, ka whakaputaina hoki e Turkey āna hua taketake mā roto i ngā whai wāhitanga ā-motu. I roto i te mahere rautaki mō te tau 2012–2016, i tukuna e te Hekeretari Tuarua mō ngā Ahumahi Ārai, ko te whāinga kia eke ki te $US2 piriona mō ngā kaweake ārai. Nō reira, he nui te tono kia whakaurua e ngā kamupene ārai te hangarau laser ki te whanaketanga me te whakaputa.
E ai ki te Pūrongo Rautaki Ahumahi o Turkey i hipokina te wā i waenga i te tau 2011 me te 2014, ko te whāinga rautaki whānui o te whenua i whakatauhia ko te "whakanui ake i te whakataetae me te whai huatanga o te ahumahi Turkey me te tere ake o te huringa ki tētahi hanganga ahumahi he nui ake te wāhi ki ngā kaweake o te ao, ko te nuinga o ngā hua hangarau teitei, he nui te uara tāpiri, e hangaia ana, he kaimahi whai tohu, ā, i te wa ano he tairongo ki te taiao me te hapori." Hei whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga, ko te "whakanui ake i te taumaha o ngā rāngai hangarau waenga me te hangarau teitei ki te whakaputa me te kaweake" tētahi o ngā whāinga rautaki matua kua tautuhia. Ko ngā hangarau pūngao, kai, motuka, mōhiohio, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, "ngā pūnaha laser me te whatu," me ngā hangarau whakaputa mīhini kua tautuhia ko ngā wāhanga matua ka arotahi ki tēnei whāinga.
Ko te Kaunihera Matua mō te Pūtaiao me te Hangarau (SCST) te rōpū whakatau kaupapa here Pūtaiao-Hangarau-Auaha (STI) teitei rawa atu, e arahina ana e te Pirimia, kei a ia te mana whakatau mō ngā kaupapa here STI ā-motu. I te Hui 23 o te SCST i te tau 2011, i whakanuia ko ngā rāngai uara-tāpiri nui e whakapai ake ana i te oranga ōhanga, e whakarato ana i te whakapainga hangarau me te whakanui ake i te whakataetae, me te haere tonu o te R&D, me whakaaro he rāngai nui e whakanui ake ana i te whakataetae me te whakarato i te whanaketanga pumau o Turkey. E kiia ana te rāngai whatu ko tētahi o ēnei rāngai kaha.
Ahakoa kua tere te whakapai ake o te āhua o te umanga taiaho nā te hiahia ki ngā taiaho muka mō te rāngai tapahi me te umanga ārai, kāore i hangaia he taiaho e Turkey, ā, i kawemai katoatia ngā wae taiaho mai i tāwāhi. Ahakoa te korenga o ngā raraunga mō te umanga ārai, tata ki te $100 miriona te kawemai o ngā taiaho. Nō reira, i whakapuakina te hangarau whatu me te taiaho hei wāhanga hangarau rautaki ka tautokona e te kāwanatanga. Hei tauira, me te tautoko a te kāwanatanga, i whakatūria a FiberLAST (Ankara - www.fiberlast.com.tr) i te tau 2007 hei kamupene ahumahi tuatahi e uru ana ki ngā mahi R&D i te wāhanga taiaho muka. Ka hoahoa, ka whakawhanake, ka hanga hoki te kamupene i ngā taiaho muka i Turkey (tirohia te paetaha "Paionia taiaho muka Turkey").
E kitea ana i roto i tēnei pūrongo, kua noho a Turkey hei mākete hihiri mō ngā pūnaha taiaho ahumahi, ā, kua whakawhanakehia hoki e te whenua tētahi turanga whānui o ngā kaiwhakarato pūnaha e anga whakamua ana ki ngā mākete o te ao. Kua tīmata tētahi mahi taiaho ā-rohe, ka tīmata ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha. ✺
Paionia o te muka taiaho Turkey
Ko FiberLAST (Ankara), te kamupene ahumahi tuatahi i uru ki ngā mahi R&D muka reiti i Turkey. I whakatūria i te tau 2007 hei hoahoa, hei whakawhanake, hei hanga hoki i ngā reiti muka i Turkey. I raro i te tautoko a tētahi rōpū o ngā hoa mahi o te whare wānanga, kua whakawhanakehia e te tīma R&D a FiberLAST āna ake reiti muka motuhake. Ka whakawhanakehia, ka whakaputaina hoki e te kamupene ngā reiti muka me te mahi tahi a te Whare Wānanga o Bilkent me te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o te Rawhiti Waenganui (METU). Ahakoa ko te arotahi matua kei ngā pūnaha ahumahi, ka taea hoki e te kamupene te whakawhanake i ngā pūnaha reiti muka mō ngā hiahia motuhake o te kiritaki me ngā tono mātauranga me te pūtaiao. Kua kukume a FiberLAST i te pūtea R&D nui a te kāwanatanga tae noa ki tēnei wā, nā te mea kua hainatia ngā kirimana rangahau me KOSGEB (he whakahaere kāwanatanga hei tautoko i ngā kaipakihi iti me te rahi waenga) me TUBITAK (Te Kaunihera Rangahau Pūtaiao me te Hangarau o Turkey). Kei a FiberLAST te kaha ki te whai i ngā whakapainga mātauranga me te whakamahi i aua whakapainga ki āna hua me te whakawhanake i ngā hua motuhake me ngā hua auaha puta noa i te ao. Mā ēnei huarahi, kua noho kē tana hangarau reiti muka kua whakawhanakehia ki te mākete mō ngā tono tohu.
