Kuchokera: www.industrial-lasers.com
Kutumiza kunja kwa laser ndi thandizo la boma zikupitilira kukula
Kora Eken
Chuma chosiyanasiyana, kuyandikira ku Europe, Middle East, ndi Central Asia, kuphatikiza ndi misika yakunja, nangula wakunja wa kulowa kwa EU, kasamalidwe kolimba kachuma, ndikusintha kasamalidwe kazinthu ndizomwe zimayendetsa chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ku Turkey. Kuchokera pamavuto a 2001, dzikolo lakhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikukula bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndikukula kwachuma kwa magawo 27 otsatizana pakati pa 2002 ndi 2008 chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa zokolola, kukhala chuma cha 17 padziko lonse lapansi.
Makampani opanga makina, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti mayiko onse atukuke, akhala akuyendetsa ntchito zamafakitale ku Turkey, ndikukula kwachangu kutengera zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo komanso zopereka kumagulu ena. Chifukwa cha izi, makampani opanga makina akhala opambana kwambiri kuposa nthambi zina zamakampani opanga zinthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja kwakhala kopitilira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa mafakitale aku Turkey. Pankhani ya mtengo wa makina opangidwa, dziko la Turkey lili pa nambala 6 ku Ulaya.
Makampani opanga makina ku Turkey akukula pafupifupi 20% pachaka kuyambira 1990. Kupanga makina kunayamba kutenga gawo lochulukira la zogulitsa kunja kwa dzikolo ndipo, mu 2011, zidapitilira $ 11.5 biliyoni (8.57%) yazogulitsa zonse ($ 134.9) biliyoni), chomwe chinali chiwonjezeko cha 22.8% kuposa chaka chatha.
Pazaka 100 za dzikolo mu 2023, makampani opanga makina adapatsidwa cholinga chofuna kutumiza kunja kuti afikire US $ 100 biliyoni yazamalonda ndi gawo la 2.3% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Makampani opanga makina aku Turkey akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi kukula kwapachaka (CAGR) kwa 17.8% pofika 2023, pomwe gawo la gawo lazogulitsa kunja ku Turkey likuyembekezeka kukhala zosachepera 18%.
Ma SME
Kukula kwa gawo lamakina aku Turkey kumathandizidwa ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati (SMEs) omwe amapikisana nawo kwambiri, omwe amapanga kuchuluka kwa mafakitale. Ma SME aku Turkey amapereka antchito achichepere, amphamvu, komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso odziwa ntchito. Kuti tikwaniritse zosowa zachuma za ma SME, pali zolimbikitsa zomwe zimaperekedwa, kuphatikiza kusalipira msonkho wakunja, kusalipira VAT pamakina ndi zida zogulidwa kunja ndi zogulidwa m'nyumba, kugawidwa kwangongole kuchokera mu bajeti, ndi chithandizo chotsimikizira ngongole. Momwemonso, bungwe la Small and Medium Sized Industry Development Organisation (KOSGEB) limathandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa ma SME ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira ndalama, R.&D, malo wamba, kafukufuku wamsika, malo ogulitsa, kutsatsa, kutumiza kunja, ndi maphunziro. Mu 2011, KOSGEB idawononga $208.3 miliyoni pakuthandizira izi.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magawo amakina pazogulitsa kunja kwa mafakitale zomwe zili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba, R.&D ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zayamba kukwera posachedwa. Mu 2010, R&D ndalama zonse zidakwana $6.5 biliyoni, zomwe zidapanga 0.84% ya GDP. Kuti muwonjezere ndikulimbikitsa R&D ntchito, mabungwe aboma amapereka zolimbikitsa zambiri kwa R&D.
Industrial Laser Solutions yakhala ikutsatira kufunikira kwa dera lakumadzulo kwa Asia, makamaka Turkey, monga msika wofunikira kwambiri wa laser. Mwachitsanzo, IPG Photonics yatsegula ofesi yatsopano ku Istanbul, Turkey, kuti ipereke chithandizo cham'deralo ndi ntchito zamakampani opanga ma fiber lasers ku Turkey ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Izi zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa IPG kuderali, zomwe zithandizira kampaniyo kuti ipereke thandizo mwachangu komanso mwachindunji kwa ma OEM ambiri odula laser ku Turkey omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma laser awo apamwamba kwambiri.
Mbiri ya laser processing ku Turkey
Mbiri ya laser processing ku Turkey inayamba ndi kudula ntchito mu 1990s, pamene kunja kudula makina, makamaka mankhwala ochokera opanga makina European, anaikidwa mu makampani magalimoto ndi chitetezo. Masiku ano, ma lasers odula akadali ofala. Mpaka chaka cha 2010, ma lasers a CO2 adatsogola ngati zida zama kilowatt zodulira 2D zitsulo zopyapyala komanso zokhuthala. Kenako, ma fiber lasers adabwera mwamphamvu.
Trumpf ndi Rofin-Sinar ndi omwe amatsogolera ogulitsa ma lasers a CO2, pomwe IPG imayang'anira ma fiber lasers, makamaka polemba ndi ma kilowatt lasers. Ogulitsa ena akuluakulu monga SPI Lasers ndi Rofin-Sinar amaperekanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiber laser.
Pali makampani ambiri omwe amaphatikiza makina a laser pogwiritsa ntchito ma subsystems omwe ali pamwambapa. Ena aiwo amatumizanso zinthu zomwe amaphatikiza ku US, India, Germany, Russia, ndi Brazil. Durmazlar (Bursa, Turkey– http//tr.durmazlar.com.tr), Ermaksan (Bursa– www.ermaksan.com.tr), Nukon (Bursa– www.nukon.com.tr), Servenom (Kayseri– www.servonom.com.tr), Coskunöz (Bursa– www.coskunoz.com.tr), ndi Ajan (Izmir– . Durmazlar, kuyambira ndi CO2 laser kudula makina, wapanga kilowatt CHIKWANGWANI laser kudula makina kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi. Kampaniyi tsopano imapanga makina odulira opitilira 40 pamwezi, 10 omwe tsopano ndi mayunitsi a laser a kilowatt. Masiku ano makina 50,000 a Durma amathandizira bwino m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi.
Ermaksan ndi kampani ina yotsogola yamakina, yomwe imapanga makina opitilira 3000 pachaka, ophatikizidwa ndi ma lasers a CO2. Tsopano amapereka makina a laser a kilowatt fiber.
Nukon adagwiritsa ntchito ma lasers a fiber ndikutumiza kunja makina oyamba mwa anayi omwe adapangidwa. Kampaniyo ipanga a€3 miliyoni kuti achepetse kupanga kwamasiku 60 mpaka 15.
Servenom anakhazikitsidwa mu 2007 ndipo anayamba moyo wake kupanga ndi CNC laser kudula ndi chodetsa ndi CNC plasma zitsulo processing makina kupanga. Ikufuna kukhala imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'gawo lake. Ndi ake€200 miliyoni, Coskunöz idayamba ntchito zofananira ndi makampani opanga zinthu zaku Turkey mu 1950 ndipo tsopano ndi amodzi mwamagulu otsogola amakampani. Ajan idakhazikitsidwa mu 1973, ndipo m'zaka zingapo zapitazi yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri kudula ndi kupanga zitsulo.
Mu 2005, Turkey laser exports okwana $480,000 (23 lasers), pamene laser imports anali $45.2 miliyoni (740 lasers). Mitengoyi idakwera pang'onopang'ono chaka chilichonse kupatula mu 2009, pomwe zotsatira za kugwa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi zidafika, ndipo mitengo yogulitsira kunja idatsika mpaka $46.9 miliyoni kuchokera pa $81.6 miliyoni mu 2008. Mitengoyi idabweza pafupifupi zotayika zawo zonse kumapeto kwa 2010.
Komabe, mitengo yotumizira kunja sikunakhudzidwe ndi kugwa kwachuma, kuwonjezereka kuchoka pa $7.6 miliyoni kufika pa $17.7 miliyoni chaka chimenecho. Mu 2011, chiwerengero chonse cha lasers ku Turkey chinali pafupi $27.8 miliyoni (126 lasers). Poyerekeza ndi manambala otumiza kunja, zotengera za laser zinali zapamwamba ndi chiwonkhetso cha $104.3 miliyoni (1,630 lasers). Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti manambala otengera ndi kutumiza kunja ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndi ma laser omwe amatumiza kapena kutumiza kunja monga gawo la machitidwe omwe ali ndi ma HS Codes osiyanasiyana, ngakhale nthawi zina olakwika (makhodi apadziko lonse lapansi azinthu zamalonda).
Mafakitale ofunikira
Dziko la Turkey lachitapo kanthu pazachitetezo pazaka 20 zapitazi. Pokhala dziko lodalira kumayiko ena m'mbuyomu, masiku ano dziko la Turkey likukula ndikupanga zinthu zamtundu wawo kudzera mwa mwayi wadziko. Mu Strategic Plan ya 2012–2016, yoperekedwa ndi Under-secretariat for Defense Industries, cholinga chake ndikufikira $ US2 biliyoni yotumizira kunja kwa chitetezo. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kwambiri makampani achitetezo kuti aphatikizire ukadaulo wa laser pakukula ndi kupanga.
Malinga ndi lipoti la Turkey Industrial Strategy Report lomwe linachitika pakati pa 2011 ndi 2014, cholinga chonse cha dziko lino chinali "kukulitsa mpikisano komanso kuchita bwino kwamakampani aku Turkey ndikufulumizitsa kusintha kwamakampani omwe ali ndi gawo lochulukirapo pakugulitsa kunja, kumene makamaka zipangizo zamakono, zokhala ndi mtengo wowonjezereka, zimapangidwira, zomwe zimakhala ndi antchito oyenerera komanso zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe komanso anthu." Kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi, "kuwonjezera kulemera kwa magawo apakati ndi apamwamba pakupanga ndi kutumiza kunja" ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa. Ukadaulo wamagetsi, chakudya, magalimoto, zidziwitso, ndi kulumikizana, "ma laser ndi optical system" ndi matekinoloje opangira makina amafotokozedwa ngati madera oyambira omwe adzayang'anitsidwe ndi cholinga ichi.
Supreme Council for Science and Technology (SCST) ndiye bungwe lopanga mfundo za Science-Technology-Innovation (STI) lomwe limatsogozedwa ndi Prime Minister, yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zopanga zisankho pazandale zadziko lonse. Pamsonkhano wa 23 wa SCST mu 2011, zidatsindikitsidwa kuti magawo omwe amawonjezera phindu pazachuma, amapereka chitukuko chaukadaulo ndikuwonjezera mpikisano, ndikupitilira R.&D, ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati magawo ofunikira omwe amawonjezera mpikisano ndikupereka chitukuko chokhazikika ku Turkey. Gawo la kuwala limawonedwa ngati limodzi mwa magawo amphamvu awa.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu mumakampani a laser zakhala zikuyenda bwino mwachangu chifukwa cha chidwi ndi ma laser fibers kwa gawo lodulira ndi chitetezo, Turkey inalibe kupanga laser, kuitanitsa ma module onse a laser kuchokera kunja. Ngakhale popanda deta yamakampani achitetezo, kuitanitsa ma lasers kunali pafupifupi $100 miliyoni. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wa optic ndi laser udalengezedwa ngati gawo laukadaulo lomwe lidzathandizidwa ndi boma. Mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi boma, FiberLAST (Ankara - www.fiberlast.com.tr) idakhazikitsidwa mu 2007 ngati kampani yoyamba yamafakitale yomwe idakhudzidwa ndi R.&D ntchito m'dera la fiber laser. Kampaniyo imapanga, imapanga, ndikupanga lasers CHIKWANGWANI ku Turkey (onani sidebar "Turkey CHIKWANGWANI laser mpainiya").
Monga tikuwonera mu lipotili, dziko la Turkey lakhala msika wotsogola wamafakitale opanga ma laser, ndipo dzikolo lapanganso gulu lokulirapo la ogulitsa makina omwe akupita patsogolo m'misika yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yoyambira yapanyumba ya laser yayamba, yomwe iyamba kupereka zosowa za ophatikiza makina.✺
Turkey CHIKWANGWANI laser mpainiya
FiberLAST (Ankara), inali kampani yoyamba yamafakitale yomwe idakhudzidwa ndi fiber laser R&D ntchito ku Turkey. Idakhazikitsidwa mu 2007 kupanga, kupanga, ndikupanga ma laser fibers ku Turkey. Mothandizidwa ndi gulu la ogwira nawo ntchito ku yunivesite, FiberLAST's R&Gulu la D lapanga ma lasers awo omwe ali ndi fiber. Kampaniyo imapanga ndikupanga lasers fibers mothandizana ndi Bilkent University ndi Middle East Technical University (METU). Ngakhale cholinga chachikulu chili pazantchito zamafakitale, kampaniyo imathanso kupanga makina a fiber laser pazosowa zapadera zamakasitomala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ndi sayansi. FiberLAST yakopa boma lalikulu R&D ndalama mpaka pano, atasaina mapangano ofufuza ndi KOSGEB (bungwe la boma lothandizira amalonda ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati) ndi TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). FiberLAST ili ndi kuthekera kotsata kusintha kwamaphunziro ndikugwiritsa ntchito pazogulitsa zake ndikupanga zinthu zaumwini komanso zanzeru padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi njira izi. ukadaulo wake wopangidwa ndi fiber laser uli kale pamsika wolemba zolemba.
