Ukusuka: www.industrial-lasers.com
Ukuthunyelwa kweLaser kumazwe angaphandle kunye nenkxaso karhulumente iyaqhubeka nokukhula
Koray Eken
Uqoqosho olwahlukeneyo, ukusondela kweYurophu, uMbindi Mpuma, kunye ne-Asia Ephakathi, ukuhlanganiswa kunye neemarike zangaphandle, i-anchor yangaphandle yokungena kwi-EU, ulawulo oluluqilima loqoqosho, kunye nohlaziyo lwezakhiwo zizinto eziqhuba amathemba exesha elide laseTurkey. Ukusukela kwintlekele ka-2001, ilizwe libe nelona lizwe likhule ngempumelelo ehlabathini ngokukhula koqoqosho kwiikota ezingama-27 ezilandelelanayo phakathi kuka-2002 no-2008 ngenxa yokwanda kwemveliso, ibe lilizwe le-17 ngobukhulu ehlabathini.
Ishishini loomatshini, elibaluleke kakhulu kushishino lwamazwe onke, libe negalelo ekuqhubeni inkqubo yoshishino yaseTurkey, ngokukhula okukhawulezayo okusekwe kwiimveliso eziphezulu zexabiso elongeziweyo kunye negalelo kwamanye amacandelo. Ngenxa yoku, ishishini loomatshini libe nempumelelo ngakumbi kunamanye amasebe oshishino lokuvelisa, kwaye inani lezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle belisoloko lingaphezulu komndilili wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumashishini aseTurkey ngokubanzi. Ngokuphathelele ixabiso loomatshini abaveliswayo, iTurkey ikwindawo yesithandathu eYurophu.
Ishishini loomatshini eTurkey likhule ngesantya esiphantse sibe ngama-20% ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-1990. Imveliso yoomatshini yaqala ukuthatha inxalenye eyandayo yokuthunyelwa kwelizwe ngaphandle kwaye, ngo-2011, yadlula i-11.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola (8.57%) yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle iyonke (i-134.9 yeedola) ibhiliyoni), ethe yanyuka nge-22.8% kunyaka ongaphambili.
Kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 yelizwe ngo-2023, ishishini loomatshini lanikwa injongo enqwenelekayo yokuthumela ngaphandle ukufikelela kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngesabelo se-2.3% yemalike yehlabathi. Ishishini loomatshini baseTurkey bekulindeleke ukuba libe nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-17.8% ngo-2023, xa isabelo secandelo lezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eTurkey bekulindeleke ukuba sibe ngaphantsi kwe-18%.
Ii-SMEs
Ukukhula kwecandelo loomatshini baseTurkey kuxhaswa ngamashishini amancinci akhuphisanayo kwaye aguquguqukayo amancinci naphakathi (ii-SMEs), ezenza ubuninzi bemveliso yoshishino. Ii-SME zaseTurkey zibonelela ngabasebenzi abasebatsha, abaguqukayo, nabaqeqeshwe kakuhle kudityaniswe nesimo sengqondo sobungcali emsebenzini. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zezemali zee-SMEs, kukho inkuthazo ethile enikiweyo, equka ukukhululwa kwirhafu yempahla ephumayo, ukukhululelwa kwi-VAT koomatshini nezixhobo ezithengwa kumazwe angaphandle nezithengwe ekhaya, ulwabiwo lwetyala olusuka kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nenkxaso yesiqinisekiso setyala. Ngokufanayo, uMbutho woPhuhliso lwaMashishini amaNcinci namaPhakathi (KOSGEB) wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekomelezeni ii-SME ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhasa ngemali, R.&D, izibonelelo eziqhelekileyo, uphando lwemarike, iindawo zotyalo-mali, ukuthengisa, ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye noqeqesho. Ngo-2011, i-KOSGEB yachitha i-208.3 yezigidi zeedola kule nkxaso.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwesabelo samacandelo oomatshini kurhwebo olupheleleyo lwamashishini angaphandle aqulethe ubugcisa obuphezulu, R.&D iinkcitho zisandula ukuqalisa ukunyuka. Ngo-2010, uR&D iinkcitho ziphelele kwi-6.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ezibandakanya i-0.84% ye-GDP. Ukwandisa nokukhuthaza uR&D, amaziko karhulumente abonelela ngenkuthazo ezininzi kwi-R&D.
I-Industrial Laser Solutions ilandelela ukubaluleka kommandla weNtshona Asia, ngakumbi iTurkey, njengemakethi yelaser ekhulayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-IPG Photonics ivule iofisi entsha e-Istanbul, eTurkey, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yasekhaya kunye nenkonzo ye-fiber lasers yenkampani eTurkey nakumazwe akufuphi. Oku kubonisa ukuzibophelela kwe-IPG kulo mmandla, okuya kwenza ukuba inkampani ibonelele ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkxaso yobuchwepheshe ngokuthe ngqo kwii-OEM ezininzi zokusika i-laser eTurkey ezisebenzisa iilaser zazo eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Imbali yokwenziwa kwelaser eTurkey
Imbali yokucutshungulwa kwe-laser eTurkey yaqala ngokusika izicelo kwi-1990s, xa oomatshini bokusika abangeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, ngokukodwa iimveliso ezivela kubakhiqizi bomatshini baseYurophu, bafakwe kwiinkampani zemoto kunye nezokukhusela. Namhlanje, iilaser zokusika zisaxhaphakile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-2010, i-CO2 lasers ilawulwa njengezixhobo ze-kilowatt-level ye-2D yokusika zombini iintsimbi ezincinci kunye nezishinyeneyo. Emva koko, i-fiber lasers yeza ngamandla.
I-Trumpf kunye noRofin-Sinar bahamba phambili ngababoneleli be-CO2 lasers, ngelixa i-IPG ilawula i-fiber lasers, ngakumbi ukuphawula kunye ne-kilowatt lasers. Abanye ababoneleli abakhulu abanje ngeSPI Lasers kunye neRofin-Sinar nabo babonelela ngeemveliso zefiber laser.
Zininzi iinkampani ezidibanisa iinkqubo zelaser ngokusebenzisa ezi subsystems zingasentla. Abanye babo bathumela ngaphandle iimveliso abazidibanisa e-US, eIndiya, eJamani, eRashiya naseBrazil. IDurmazlar (eBursa, eTurkey– http//tr.durmazlar.com.tr), Ermaksan (Bursa– www.ermaksan.com.tr), Nukon (Bursa– www.nukon.com.tr), Servenom (Kayseri– www.servonom.com.tr), Coskunöz (iBursa– www.coskunoz.com.tr), kunye neAjan (Izmir– www.ajamcnc.com) inesabelo esikhulu sengeniso ye-laser yaseTurkey, kunye ne-Durmazlar iyona nto inkulu yokudibanisa umatshini wokusika we-laser eTurkey. I-Durmazlar, eqala ngoomatshini bokusika i-CO2 laser, ivelise i-kilowatt fiber laser cutting machines kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Le nkampani ngoku ivelisa ngaphezu kwe-40 koomatshini bokusika ngenyanga, i-10 ngoku iiyunithi ze-kilowatt fiber laser. Namhlanje oomatshini be-Durma abangama-50,000 banegalelo elisebenzayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela.
I-Ermaksan yenye inkampani ehamba phambili yoomatshini, ivelisa ngaphezulu koomatshini be-3000 ngonyaka, ininzi idityaniswe ne-CO2 lasers. Ngoku banikezela ngoomatshini belaser ye-kilowatt fiber ngokunjalo.
I-Nukon iphumeze iilaser zefiber kwaye yathumela ngaphandle owokuqala koomatshini abane abaveliswayo. Inkampani iya kwenza a€Izigidi ezi-3 zotyalo-mali ukunciphisa inkqubo yemveliso yangoku ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-15.
I-Servenom yasekwa ngo-2007 kwaye yaqala ubomi bayo bokuvelisa nge-CNC laser yokusika kunye nokumakisha kunye ne-CNC plasma metal processing machine production. Ijonge ukuba yenye yeebrendi ezikhethwayo zehlabathi kwicandelo layo. Ngayo€I-200 yezigidi zeenguqu, iCoskunöz waqala imisebenzi ehambelana neshishini lemveliso yaseTurkey ngo-1950 kwaye ngoku lelinye lamaqela aphambili amashishini. I-Ajan yasungulwa ngo-1973, kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo igxininise ekusikeni kwesinyithi kunye nokwenza.
Ngo-2005, ukuthunyelwa kwe-laser yaseTurkey yafikelela kwi-480,000 yeedola (i-23 lasers), ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwe-laser kwakungama-45.2 ezigidi zeedola (ii-laser ezingama-740). La mazinga anyuka ngokuthe chu kunyaka ngamnye ngaphandle kwango-2009, xa iziphumo zokudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi zithe zafika, kwaye izinga lokungeniswa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle liye lehla laya kutsho kwi-$46.9 yezigidi ukusuka kwi-$81.6 yezigidi ngo-2008. Amazinga abuyise phantse yonke ilahleko yawo ekupheleni kuka-2010.
Nangona kunjalo, imilinganiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle ayizange ichatshazelwe kukudodobala koqoqosho, inyuka ukusuka kwi-7.6 yezigidi zeedola ukuya kwi-17.7 yezigidi zeedola ngaloo nyaka. Ngo-2011, inani lilonke lelaser yaseTurkey ethunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle ibimalunga ne-27.8 yezigidi zeerandi (i-126 lasers). Xa kuthelekiswa namanani athunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ukuthengwa kwelaser kwakuphezulu nge-104.3 yezigidi zeerandi (1,630 lasers). Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba amanani okungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle aphezulu ngeelaser ezingenisa okanye ezithumela ngaphandle njengenxalenye yeenkqubo ezineeKhowudi zeHS ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ngamanye amaxesha azichanekanga (umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe wokubhala ikhowudi yeemveliso zorhwebo).
Amashishini abalulekileyo
I-Turkey ithathe amanyathelo abalulekileyo kushishino lwezokhuselo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo. Ukuba lilizwe elixhomekeke kwamanye amazwe kwixesha elidlulileyo, namhlanje iTurkey iphuhlisa kwaye ivelise iimveliso zayo zemveli ngokusebenzisa amathuba elizwe. Kwisicwangciso-qhinga sika-2012–Ngowama-2016, ethiwe thaca liSebe elingaphantsi konobhala kuShishino loKhuselo, injongo kukufikelela kwiibhiliyoni ezi-2 zeerandi zokhuselo lokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle. Ke, kukho imfuno emandla yeenkampani zokhuselo ukuba zibandakanye itekhnoloji yelaser kuphuhliso kunye nemveliso.
NgokweNgxelo yeSicwangciso soShishino lwaseTurkey egubungela ixesha eliphakathi kuka-2011 no-2014, eyona njongo yesicwangciso-qhinga yelizwe yamiselwa “njengokonyusa ukhuphiswano nokusebenza kakuhle kweshishini laseTurkey kunye nokukhawulezisa inguqu kulwakhiwo lweshishini olunesabelo esithe kratya ekuthengisweni kumazwe angaphandle kwehlabathi, apho ubukhulu becala iimveliso zetekhnoloji ephezulu, ezinexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo, ziveliswa, ezinabasebenzi abafanelekileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye zinovelwano kwimekobume kunye noluntu. Ukuze kuphunyezwe le njongo, "ukwandisa ubunzima bamacandelo aphakathi kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kwimveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe" yenye yeenjongo zeqhinga ezisisiseko eziye zachazwa. Amandla, ukutya, iimoto, ulwazi, kunye netekhnoloji yonxibelelwano, "i-laser kunye neenkqubo ze-optical," kunye nobugcisa bokuvelisa oomatshini buchazwa njengeendawo eziphambili eziza kujoliswa kule njongo.
IBhunga eliPhakamileyo leSayensi neThekhinoloji (SCST) lelona qumrhu liphezulu leSayensi-Technology-Innovation (STI) lenza umgaqo-nkqubo ochotshelwe yiNkulumbuso, onegunya lokwenza izigqibo kumgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe we-STI. KwiNtlanganiso yama-23 ye-SCST ngo-2011, kwagxininiswa ukuba amacandelo anexabiso eliphezulu aphucula intlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho, abonelele ngophuculo lwetekhnoloji kunye nokwandisa ukukhuphisana, ngokuqhubekayo R.&D, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo amacandelo abalulekileyo okwandisa ukukhuphisana nokubonelela ngophuhliso oluzinzileyo Turkey. Icandelo lokukhanya libonwa njengelinye lala macandelo anamandla.
Nangona imeko kwishishini le-laser iphuculwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yomdla kwi-fiber lasers yecandelo lokusika kunye neshishini lokukhusela, iTurkey yayingenayo imveliso ye-laser, ingenisa zonke iimodyuli ze-laser ezivela phesheya. Ngaphandle kwedatha yeshishini lokhuselo, ukuthathwa kwelaser kumalunga ne-100 yezigidi zeedola. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji ye-optic kunye ne-laser yabhengezwa njengendawo yetekhnoloji yobuchule eya kuxhaswa ngurhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, ngenkxaso karhulumente, i-FiberLAST (Ankara - www.fiberlast.com.tr) yasekwa kwi-2007 njengenkampani yokuqala yoshishino ebandakanyekayo kwi-R.&D umsebenzi kwindawo yefiber laser. Inkampani iyila, iphuhlise, kwaye yenza iilaser zefiber eTurkey (bona ibar esecaleni "iTurkey fiber laser vulindlela").
Njengoko kunokubonwa kule ngxelo, iTurkey iye yaba yimarike edlamkileyo yeenkqubo zelaser, kwaye ilizwe liphuhlise isiseko esandisiweyo sababoneleli benkqubo abahamba phambili kwiimarike ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe. Umsebenzi wokuqala welaser wasekhaya sele uqalile, oza kuqalisa ukubonelela ngeemfuno zabahlanganisi benkqubo.✺
I-Turkey fiber laser uvulindlela
I-FiberLAST (i-Ankara), yayiyinkampani yokuqala yemizi-mveliso ebandakanyekayo kwi-fiber laser R&D umsebenzi eTurkey. Yasekwa ngo-2007 ukuyila, ukuphuhlisa, kunye nokwenza iilaser zefiber eTurkey. Ixhaswa liqela labadibanisi abaseyunivesithi, iFiberLAST's R&Iqela le-D liphuhlise iilaser zefiber ezizezalo. Inkampani iphuhlisa kwaye ivelise iilaser zefiber ngokusebenzisana neYunivesithi yaseBilkent kunye neYunivesithi yaseMiddle East Technical (METU). Ngelixa eyona nto iphambili kugxilwe kwiinkqubo zoshishino, inkampani inokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zefiber laser kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo zabathengi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezemfundo kunye nezesayensi. I-FiberLAST itsale urhulumente omkhulu uR&D inkxaso-mali ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, emva kokusayina izivumelwano zophando kunye ne-KOSGEB (umbutho karhulumente wokuxhasa oosomashishini abancinci nabaphakathi) kunye neTUBITAK (iBhunga loPhando lwezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji yaseTurkey). I-FiberLAST inamandla okulandela uphuculo lwezifundo kwaye isetyenziswe kwiimveliso zayo kunye nokuphuhlisa iimveliso zobunikazi kunye nezintsha kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngezi ndlela. iteknoloji yayo ephuhlisiwe ifayibha laser sele ikwimarike yokumakisha izicelo.
